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According to legend, Łódź, a large city lying in the middle of today’s Poland, was founded by Janusz, a man travelling by boat on a brook in the woods. While he was setting up camp for the night, it started to rain, causing him to use his boat, dragged onto shore and turned upside down, as shelter.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Łódź, Poland . Prior to 19th century. 1332 - Łódź mentioned as the village Łodzia in a document of Duke Władysław the Hunchback of the Polish Piast dynasty. 1423 - Łódź granted city rights by Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło. 1487 - Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon visited Łódź.
In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź was annexed to Prussia before becoming part of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw; the city joined Congress Poland, a Russian client state, at the 1815 Congress of Vienna.
With about 220,000 Jews, Lodz formed after Warsaw the second largest Jewish community in prewar Poland. The Germans occupied Lodz a week after their invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939. In February 1940, they established a ghetto in the northeast section of the city.
Lodz, which was originally intended to be a temporary ghetto,1 was actually the very last ghetto left in existence in Poland. The Jews in the Lodz ghetto could practically hear the thunder of the Russian artillery from the approaching front.
German troops occupied Lodz one week after Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Lodz was annexed to Germany as part of the Warthegau. The Germans renamed the city Litzmannstadt, after a German general, Karl Litzmann, who had captured the city during World War I.
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When did Lodz become a Jewish city?
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Was Lodz a Jewish ghetto?
Established on April 30, 1940, in Poland’s second-largest city, Łódź (renamed Litzmannstadt by the Germans), the ghetto became a grim enclosure for initially some 164,000 Jews, with the number swelling due to further deportations from the Reich and surrounding areas, including nearly 5,000 Roma.
