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A prolific writer, Oken's books were printed and reprinted until the principles of cell theory, established by Theodor Schwann (1801-1882), superceded his work. The strong opinions of romanticism were eventually overridden by the emergence of experimental natural science.
In 1805 Lorenz Oken made several statements that together make up the cell theory. Here are the four parts of the cell theory: All living things are made of cells. Cells are alike in structure and function. Cells need information in order to survive.
- Johannes Peter Müller
- Theodor Schwann
- Carl Rokitansky
- Rudolf Virchow
Johannes Peter Müller, who has become one of the most distinguished physiologists of Germany, was born in Koblenz into a shoemaker’s family on July 14, 1801. Educated in the faith of the Catholic Church, he entered a Latin seminary of the Jesuits. At first, Müller wanted to start a life path as a Roman Catholic priest. Nevertheless, he got interest...
Schwann was born in Neuss on the Rhine, a few miles from Cologne. He received an excellent training in mathematics and physics at the Jesuits College and started to study medicine in 1829. Schwann received his MD in 1834 in Berlin and learned anatomy, physiology, and general pathology from Johannes Müller (1801–1858). During these years spent under...
Rokitansky (Fig. 2) was one of the towering figures in the history of pathological anatomy. Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky was born on February 19, 1804, in Königgrätz (today Hradec Králové, Bohemia, Czech Republic) and died on July, 23, 1878, in Vienna, Austria. He studied in Prague and Vienna and started his career in the morgue of the Allgemeine K...
Rudolf Carl Virchow (Fig. 3) was born 1821 in Schivelbein (Pomerania, Prussia; now Świdwin, Poland) and moved up to be one of the most prominent pathologists and physicians of the 19th century. He pioneered the modern concept of diagnostic pathology and created the modern scientific paradigm by its application of cell theory to explain the effects ...
- Roland Sedivy
- roland@sedivy.net
- 2020
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Lorenz Okenfuss (Oken) (1779–1851) claimed that living beings were a synthesis of infusorians. All these proposals have in common the fact that they are conceptions about the possibility of a microscopic and universal structure.
- Stéphane Tirard
- Stephane.Tirard@univ-nantes.fr
Mar 2, 2018 · This idea stimulated the concept of German philosopher Lorenz Oken (1779–1851) that all organisms are composed of “infusoria” and “Urbläschen” (primordial bubbles) as basic life units; this speculation directly preceded the works of the first empirical cell biologists (Canguilhem 2008; Harris 2000). However, it was only the invention ...
- Juraj Sekeres, Juraj Sekeres, Viktor Zarsky, Viktor Zarsky
- 2018
May 29, 2018 · Oken did hundreds of experiments with chick embryos to gather information on cell theory with Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–l876), comparative embryologist and proponent of epigenetic thinking. Oken pronounced the seminal insight: “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.”
The history of cell theory, as properly depicted by Harris, is the history of two fundamental themes that emerge throughout the book. The first is the homology between unicellular and...
