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Louis I, also Louis the Great ( Hungarian: Nagy Lajos; Croatian: Ludovik Veliki; Slovak: Ľudovít Veľký) or Louis the Hungarian ( Polish: Ludwik Węgierski; 5 March 1326 – 10 September 1382), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370. He was the first child of Charles I of Hungary and his wife, Elizabeth of ...
Hungary joined North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 12 March 1999, following the decision taken at the Madrid Summit, in July 1997.
- Movement to The Right
- Territorial Expansion
- Administration of Greater Hungary
- Military Campaigns
- List of Major Engagements
- Oppression at Home
- Resistance Movement
- Peace Treaty
- See Also
- References and Further Reading
In Hungary, the joint effect of the Great Depression and the Treaty of Trianon resulted in shifting the political mood of the country towards the right. In 1932, the regent Miklós Horthy appointed a new prime minister, Gyula Gömbös. Gömbös was identified with the Hungarian National Defence Association (Magyar Országos Véderő Egylet, or MOVE). He le...
Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sought to peacefully enforce the claims of Hungarians on territories Hungary had lost with the signing of the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. Two significant territorial awards were made. These awards were known as the First Vienna Award and the Second Vienna Award. In October 1938, the Munich Agreement caused the dissolution...
Following the two Vienna awards, a number of counties that had been lost in whole or part by the Treaty of Trianon were restored to Hungary. As a result, some previously county of temporary united administration – in Hungarian közigazgatásilag egyelőre egyesített vármegye(k.e.e. vm.) – were de-merged and restored to their pre-1920 boundaries. The r...
Invasion of Yugoslavia
On 20 November 1940, under pressure from Germany, Hungarian prime minister Pál Teleki signed the Tripartite Pact. In December 1940 Teleki also signed an ephemeral Treaty of Eternal Friendship with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which was led by a regent, Prince Paul, who was also under German pressure. On 25 March 1941, Prince Paul signed the Tripartite Pact on behalf of Yugoslavia. Two days later, a Yugoslavian coup d'état removed Prince Paul, replaced him with pro-British King Peter, and threat...
Invasion of the Soviet Union
Hungary did not immediately participate in the invasion of the Soviet Union. The Axis invasion began on 22 June 1941, but Hitler did not directly ask for Hungarian assistance. Nonetheless, many Hungarian officials argued for participation in the war in order to encourage Hitler not to favour Romania in the event of border revisions in Transylvania. On 26 June 1941, unidentified airplanes bombed Košice (Kassa). Although Hungarian authorities assumed Soviet responsibility, some speculation exis...
German occupation of Hungary
Aware of Kállay's deceit and fearing that Hungary might conclude a separate peace, in March 1944 Hitler launched Operation Margarethe and ordered German troops to occupy Hungary. Horthy was confined to a castle, in essence, placed under house arrest. Döme Sztójay, an avid supporter of the Nazis, became the new prime minister. Sztójay governed with the aid of a German military governor, Edmund Veesenmayer. The Hungarian populace was not happy with their nation effectively reduced to a German p...
This is a list of battles and other combat operations in World War II in which Hungarian forces took part.
The Holocaust
On 19 March 1944 German troops occupied Hungary, prime minister Miklós Kállay was deposed and soon mass deportations of Jews to German death camps in occupied Poland began. SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann went to Hungary to oversee the large-scale deportations. Between 15 May and 9 July, Hungarian authorities deported 437,402 Jews. All but 15,000 of these Jews were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau, and 90% of those were immediately killed. It has been estimated that one-third of the murdered...
Forced labor
The forced labor servicesystem was introduced in Hungary in 1939. The system affected primarily the Jewish population, but many people belonging to minorities, sectarians, leftists and Roma were also inducted. Thirty-five thousand to 40,000 forced laborers, mostly Jews or of Jewish origin, served in the Hungarian Second Army, which fought in the USSR (see below). Eighty percent of them—28,000 to 32,000 people—never returned; they died either on the battlefield or in captivity. Approximately h...
In autumn of 1941 anti-German demonstrations took place in Hungary. On 15 March 1942, the anniversary of the outbreak of the 1848–49 War of Independence, a crowd of 8,000 people gathered at the Sándor Petőfi monument in Budapest to demand an "independent democratic Hungary". The underground Hungarian Communist Party published a newspaper and leafle...
By 2 May 1945, Hitler was dead and Berlin surrendered. On 7 May, General Alfred Jodl, the German Chief of Staff, signed the surrender of Germany. On 23 May, the "Flensburg Government" was dissolved. On 11 June, the Allies agreed to make 8 May 1945 the official "Victory in Europe" day.: 298 The Treaty of Peace with Hungary signed on 10 February 1947...
Armour, Ian. "Hungary" in The Oxford Companion to World War IIedited by I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot (2001) pp 548–553.Borhi, László. "Secret Peace Overtures, the Holocaust, and Allied Strategy vis-à-vis Germany: Hungary in the Vortex of World War II." Journal of Cold War Studies14.2 (2012): 29-67.Case, Holly. Between states: the Transylvanian question and the European idea during World War II(Stanford UP, 2009).Apr 23, 2024 · Nato has 32 members across Europe and North America, including the UK, US, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Turkey. After the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, many Eastern European ...
Louis I the Great Croatian: Ludovik I) (March 5, 1326, Visegrád – September 10, 1382, Nagyszombat/Trnava) was King of Hungary, King of Croatia, Dalmatia, Jerusalem and Sicily from 1342 and of King of Poland from 1370. Louis was the head of the senior branch of the Angevin dynasty.
Louis I (born March 5, 1326—died Sept. 10, 1382, Nagyszombat, Hung.) was the king of Hungary from 1342 and of Poland from 1370, who, during much of his long reign, was involved in wars with Venice and Naples. Louis was crowned king of Hungary in succession to his father, Charles I, on July 21, 1342.
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Aug 29, 2013 · The NATO Archives is pleased to present the on-line publication of these Private Records alongside a supplementary selection of publicly disclosed NATO documents focusing on the humanitarian aid that followed in the wake of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
