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Jun 22, 2022 · Non-tribal citizens were required to have a passport to cross sovereign Indian lands. From 1832 until 1871, American Indian nations were considered to be domestic, dependent tribes. Negotiated treaties between tribes and the U.S. had to be approved by the U.S. Congress.
- Viewing American Indian Treaties
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- Viewing American Indian Treaties
Oct 19, 2023 · Many Native American tribes allied with the British during the Revolutionary War. However, the Treaty of Paris, which ended the war, was silent on the fates of these British allies. The new United States government was thus free to acquire Native American lands by treaty or force.
- Treaty with The Delawares/Treaty of Fort Pitt - 1778
- Treaty of Hopewell - 1785-86
- Treaty of Canandaigua/Pickering Treaty/Calico Treaty - 1794
- Treaty of Greeneville - 1795
- Treaty of Fort Wayne - 1809
- Andrew Jackson & Indian Removal Act - 1830
- Treaty of New Echota - 1835
- Fort Laramie Treaty - 1868
In September 1778, representatives of the newly formed Continental Congresssigned a treaty with the Lenape (Delaware) at Fort Pitt, Pennsylvania. In the first official peace treaty between the new United States and a Native American nation, both sides agreed to maintain friendship and support each other against the British. But mutual suspicion con...
In the years following the Revolutionary War, Andrew Pickens and other commissioners of the new U.S. government concluded three highly similar treatieswith the Cherokee, Choctaw and Cherokee Nations at Hopewell, Pickens’ plantation home in northwestern South Carolina. Collectively known as the Treaty of Hopewell, these agreements extended the frien...
Seeking to improve relations between his government and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, a powerful group of six Iroquois-speaking tribes (the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora Nations), President George Washingtonsent his postmaster general, Timothy Pickering, to negotiate a treaty at Canandaigua, New York. The treaty restored m...
As more white settlers moved west into the Great Lake region, a Native American confederacy including the Shawnee and Delaware, who had already been driven westward by U.S. expansion, as well as the Miami, Ottawa, Ojibwa and Potawatomi, mounted an armed resistance beginning in the late 1780s. After U.S. troops under General “Mad” Anthony Wayne defe...
In this treaty, negotiated by William Henry Harrison, then governor of Indiana Territory, with Native tribes including the Delaware, Potawatomi, Miami and Eel River tribes, the United States acquired 2.5 million acres of land in what is now Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and Ohio, for the equivalent of about two cents per acre. Tecumseh and others arg...
Over the decade (1814-24) that Andrew Jacksonserved as a federal commissioner, he negotiated nine out of 11 treaties signed with Native American tribes in the Southeast, including the Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, Seminoles and Cherokees, in which the tribes gave up a total of some 50 million acres of land in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, M...
Many Cherokee resisted removal from their ancestral lands in the Southeast, bringing their struggle all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. But despite the Court’s ruling in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) that the Cherokee and other tribes were “sovereign nations,” the removal continued. In 1835, U.S. government met with a group of Cherokee representat...
In this treaty, signed at Fort Laramie and other military posts in what is now Wyoming, the U.S. government recognizedthe Black Hills of Dakota as the Great Sioux Reservation, the exclusive territory of the Sioux (Dakota, Lakota and Nakota) and Arapaho people. But after gold was discovered in the Black Hills, miners and settlers began moving onto t...
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For the United States government treaties in the Great Lakes region had two goals. Prior to 1815 the basic objective was to maintain the peace. At a minimum treaties sought to assure the Indian tribes neutrality in the ongoing rivalry between the Americans in the Old Northwest Territory and the British in Canada.
Oct 17, 2023 · Press Release · Monday, October 12, 2020. Washington, DC. Hundreds of Native American treaties have been scanned and are freely available online, for the first time, through the National Archives Catalog.
May 1, 2024 · Treaties between the federal government and American Indian tribes set out the duties and responsibilities that the federal government owes to a particular tribe. Treaties can cover issues such as land boundaries, hunting and fishing rights, and guarantees of peace.
