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Oct 6, 2017 · Learn Perl programming laguage
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- Credits
- The Perl Philosophy
- Perldoc
- Expressivity
- Context
- Void, Scalar, and List Context
- Numeric, String, and Boolean Context
- Implicit Ideas
- The Default Scalar Variable
- The Default Array Variables
- Perl and Its Community
- Events
- IRC
- The CPAN
- CPAN Management Tools
- The Perl Language
- Package-Qualified Names
- Variables
- Values
- Strings
- Character Encodings
- Undef
- Control Flow
- Branching Directives
- The Ternary Conditional Operator
- Iteration and Scoping
- While and Until
- Loops within Loops
- Loop Control
- Tailcalls
- Array Operations
- Array Interpolation
- Hashes
- Declaring Hashes
- Hash Indexing
- Accessing Hash Keys and Values
- Hash Slices
- The Empty Hash
- Hash Idioms
- Locking Hashes
- Dualvars
- Packages and Namespaces
- References
- Scalar References
- SCALAR
- Hash References
- Function References
- Reference Counts
- References and Functions
- Declaring Nested Data Structures
- Debugging Nested Data Structures
- Circular References
- Operators
- Operator Characteristics
- Fixity
- Postcircumfix . ] ).
- Operator Types
- Numeric Operators
- String Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Functions
- Invoking Functions
- Function Parameters
- @ARGV
- Flattening
- Slurping
- Functions and Namespaces
- Importing
- Reporting Errors
- Advanced Functions
- Recursion
- Lexicals
- Tail Calls
- Scope
- Lexical Scope
- Our Scope
- $VERSION .
- Closures and Partial Application
- Drawbacks of Attributes
- AUTOLOAD
- AUTOLOAD() :
- AUTOLOAD()
- AUTOLOAD()
- Redispatching Methods in AUTOLOAD()
- Generating Code in AUTOLOAD()
- AUTOLOAD()
- Drawbacks of AUTOLOAD
- AUTOLOAD() .
- AUTOLOAD() ,
- Regular Expressions and Matching
- Literals
- The qr// Operator and Regex Combinations
- Quantifiers
- Greediness
- Regex Anchors
- Character Classes
- Named Captures
- Grouping and Alternation
- Other Escape Sequences
- ALERT
- Assertions
- The zero-width positive look-ahead assertion:
- Regex Modifiers
- Objects
- Methods
- Attributes
- at . .
- Encapsulation
- Polymorphism
- Roles
- Roles and DOES() .
- DOES()
- Inheritance and Methods
- Inheritance and isa()
- Method Lookup and Inheritance
- Method Overriding and SUPER
- Strategies for Coping with Blessed References
- UNIVERSAL
- Checking that a Function Exists
- Checking that a Method Exists
- Favor Composition Over Inheritance
- Single Responsibility Principle
- Don’t Repeat Yourself
- Liskov Substitution Principle
- Subtypes and Coercions
- Immutability
- Style and Efficacy
- Writing Maintainable Perl
- Writing Idiomatic Perl
- Writing Effective Perl
- Exceptions
- Throwing Exceptions
- Catching Exceptions
- Exception Caveats
- Pragmas and Scope
- Using Pragmas
- Managing Real Programs
- Testing
- Organizing Tests
- Other Testing Modules
- Handling Warnings
- Making Warnings Fatal
- Files
- Input and Output
- DATA
- DATA
- Reading from Files
- Writing to Files
- Closing Files
- Manipulating Paths
- File Manipulation
- Modules
- @INC
- StrangeMonkey/
- Using and Importing
- BEGIN
- Exporting
- @EXPORT_OK :
- Organizing Code with Modules
- Distributions
- Attributes of a Distribution
- CPAN Tools for Managing Distributions
- Designing Distributions
- UNIVERSAL
- The can() Method
- UNIVERSAL:can(
- VERSION()
- Extending UNIVERSAL
- eval
- Parametric Closures
- Compile-time Manipulation
- BEGIN
- Class::MOP
- Overloading
- Overloading Common Operations
- Overload and Inheritance
- Uses of Overloading
- Taint
- Using Taint Mode
- Sources of Taint
- Removing Taint from the Environment
- $ENV{PATH}
- Taint Gotchas
- Perl Beyond Syntax
- Idioms
- Easy File Slurping
- Handling Main
- Postfix Parameter Validation
- Unary Coercions
- English Names
- Useful Super Globals
- What to Avoid
- Barewords
- Good Uses of Barewords
- BEGIN
- Ill-Advised Uses of Barewords
- Indirect Notation Scalar Limitations
- Alternatives to Indirect Notation
- Prototypes
- CORE:
- Caller-side
- Callee-side
- Tie
- Tying Variables
- Implementing Tied Variables
- When to use Tied Variables
- IO::Handle
This book would not have been possible in its current form without questions, comments, suggestions, advice, wisdom, and encouragement from many, many people. In particular, the author and editor would like to thank: John SJ Anderson, Peter Aronoff, Lee Aylward, Alex Balhatchet, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Matthias Bloch, John Bokma, Vasily Chekalkin,...
Perl is a language for getting things done. It’s flexible, forgiving, and malleable. In the hands of a capable programmer, it can accomplish almost any task, from one-liner calculations and automations to multi-programmer, multi-year projects and everything in between. Perl is powerful, and modern Perl—Perl which takes advantage of the best knowled...
One of Perl’s most useful and least appreciated features is the perldoc utility. This program is part of every complete Perl 5 in-stallation2. It displays the documentation of every Perl module installed on the system—whether a core module or one installed from the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN)—as well as thousands of pages of Perl’s co...
Before Larry Wall created Perl, he studied linguistics and human languages. His experiences continue to influence Perl’s design. There are many ways to write a Perl program depending on your project’s style, the available time to create the program, the expected maintenance burden, or even your own personal sense of expression. You may write in a s...
Spoken languages have a notion of context where the correct usage or meaning of a word or phrase depends on its surroundings. You may understand this in a spoken language, where the inappropriate pluralization of “Please give me one hamburgers!”5 5The pluralization of the noun differs from the amount. sounds wrong or the incorrect gender of “la gat...
One of the aspects of context governs how many items you expect. This is amount context. Compare this context to subject-verb number agreement in English. Even if you haven’t learned the formal description of the rule, you probably understand the error in the sentence “Perl are a fun language”. The rule in Perl is that the number of items you reque...
Another type of context determines how Perl understands a piece of data—not how many pieces of data you want, but what the data means. You’ve probably already noticed that Perl’s flexible about figuring out if you have a number or a string and converting between the two as you want them. This value context helps to explain how it does so. In exchan...
Like many spoken languages, Perl provides linguistic shortcuts. Context is one such feature: both the compiler and a program-mer reading the code can understand the expected number of results or the type of an operation from existing information without requiring additional information to disambiguate. Other linguistic features include default vari...
The default scalar variable (also called the topic variable), $_ , is the best example of a linguistic shortcut in Perl. It’s most notable in its absence: many of Perl’s builtin operations work on the contents of $_ in the absence of an explicit variable. You can still use $_ as the variable, but it’s often unnecessary. For example, the chomp opera...
While Perl has a single implicit scalar variable, it has two implicit array variables. Perl passes arguments to functions in an array named @_ . Array manipulation operations (see Arrays, page 36) inside functions affect this array by default. Thus, these two snippets of code are equivalent: sub foo { my $arg = shift; ... } sub foo_explicit { my $a...
One of Larry’s main goals for Perl 5 was to encourage Perl development and evolution outside the core distribution. Perl 4 had several forks, because there was no easy way to connect it to a relational database, for example. Larry wanted people to create and maintain their own extensions without fragmenting Perl into thousands of incompatible pidgi...
There are plenty of events in the physical world as well. The Perl community holds a lot of conferences, workshops, and seminars. In particular, the community-run YAPC—Yet Another Perl Conference—is a successful, local, low-cost conference model held on multiple continents. See htp:/yapc.org/ . The Perl Foundation wiki lists other events at htp:/w....
When Perl mongers aren’t at local meetings or conferences or workshops, many collaborate and chat online through IRC, a textual group chat system from the early days of the Internet. Many of the most popular and useful Perl projects have their own IRC channels, such as #moose or #catalyst. The main server for Perl community is irc:/irc.perl.org/ . ...
Perl 5 is a pragmatic language. It’ll help you get your work done. Yet the ever-pragmatic Perl community has extended that language and made their work available to the world. If you have a problem to solve, chances are someone’s already uploaded code to the CPAN for it. The line between a modern language and its libraries is fuzzy. Is a language o...
Serious Perl developers often manage their own Perl library paths or even full installations. Several projects help to make this possible. Ap:cpanminus is a new CPAN client with goals of speed, simplicity, and zero configuration. Installation is as easy as: 10 htp:/learnperl.scratchcomputing.com/tutorials/configuration/ $ curl -LO http://xrl.us/cpa...
The Perl language has several smaller parts which combine to form its syntax. Unlike spoken language, where nuance and tone of voice and intuition allow people to communicate despite slight misunderstandings and fuzzy concepts, computers and source code require precision. You can write effective Perl code without knowing every detail of every langu...
Occasionally you may need to refer to functions or variables in a separate namespace. Often you will need to refer to a class by its fully-qualified name. These names are collections of package names joined by double colons (: ). That is, My:Fine:- Package refers to a logical collection of variables and functions. While the standard naming rules ap...
A variable in Perl is a storage location for a value (see Values, page 15). You can work with values directly, but all but the most trivial code works with variables. A variable is a level of indirection; it’s easier to explain the Pythagorean theorem in terms of the variables a , b , and c than with the side lengths of every right triangle you can...
Effective Perl programs depend on the accurate representation and manipulation of values. Computer programs contain variables: containers which hold values. Values are the actual data the programs manipulate. While it’s easy to explain what that data might be—your aunt’s name and address, the distance between your office and a golf course on the mo...
A string is a piece of textual or binary data with no particular formatting, no particular contents, and no other meaning to the program. It could be your name. It could be the contents of an image file read from your hard drive. It could be the Perl program itself. A string has no meaning to the program until you give it meaning. To represent a st...
A Unicode string is a sequence of octets which represent a sequence of characters. A Unicode encoding maps octet sequences to characters. Some encodings, such as UTF-8, can encode all of the characters in the Unicode character set. Others represent a subset of Unicode characters. For example, ASCII encodes plain English text with no accented charac...
Perl 5 has a value which represents an unassigned, undefined, and unknown value: undef . Declared but undefined scalar variables contain undef : my $name = undef; # unnecessary assignment my $rank; # also contains undef undef evaluates to false in boolean context. Interpolating undef into a string—or evaluating it in a string context—produces an un...
Perl’s basic control flow is straightforward. Program execution starts at the beginning (the first line of the file executed) and continues to the end: say 'At start'; say 'In middle'; say 'At end'; Most programs need more complex control flow. Perl’s control flow directives change the order of execution—what happens next in the program—depending o...
The if directive evaluates a conditional expression and performs the associated action only when the conditional expression evaluates to a true value: say 'Hello, Bob!' if $name eq 'Bob'; This postfix form is useful for simple expressions. A block form groups multiple expressions into a single unit: if ($name eq 'Bob') { say 'Hello, Bob!'; found_bo...
The ternary conditional operator offers an alternate approach to control flow. It evaluates a conditional expression and evaluates to one of two different results: my $time_suffix = after_noon($time) ? 'morning' : 'afternoon'; The conditional expression precedes the question mark character (? ) and the colon character (: ) separates the alternative...
Iterator scoping with the topic variable provides one common source of confusion. In this case, some_function() $_ on purpose. If some_function() called other code which modified $_ without explicitly localizing in @values would change. Debugging this can be troublesome: modifies $_ , the iterated value for (@values) { some_function(); } sub some_f...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Perl 5.6.0 added lexical filehandles. Previously, filehandles were all package globals. This was occasionally messy and often confusing. Now that you can write: open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Can't write to '$file': $!\ "; ...the lexical filehandle in $fh is easier to use. The implementation of lexical filehandles creates objects; $fh is an instan...
Modern Perl, written with this knowledge, can be very clean, very maintainable, and very effective. That knowledge should be available to everyone. This book will teach you how. to program Perl well by teaching you how to understand Perl's design, its. syntax, and its semantics.
At the time of writing, the current stable Perl 5 release family is Perl 5.14. The examples in this book work best with Perl 5.12.0 or newer. Many examples will work on older versions of Perl 5 with modest changes, but you will have more difficulty with anything older than 5.10.0.
As we've mentioned before, there are several schools of thought in programming. One in particular has gained a lot of popularity over the past five or ten years – it's called object-oriented programming, or OOP for short. The type of programming we've been doing so far has been based around tasks – splitting projects up into smaller and smaller tasks, using subroutines to define a single ...
