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Oct 25, 2023 · Treatment setting – Patients with acute hyponatremia, most patients with severe hyponatremia (ie, serum sodium less than 120 mEq/L), and most patients with symptomatic hyponatremia should be treated in hospital settings that allow frequent assessments of the patient's neurologic condition, accurate measurements of urine output, and frequent ...
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UpToDate, electronic clinical resource tool for physicians...
- Sterns Rh, Silver Sm, Hix Jk. Urea for Hyponatremia? Kidney Int 2015; 87:268
Patients with hypotonic hyponatremia are encountered...
- Sood L, Sterns Rh, Hix Jk, Et Al. Hypertonic Saline and Desmopressin: a Simple Strategy for Safe Correction of Severe Hyponatremia. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61:571
Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective,...
- Sterns Rh. Treatment of Severe Hyponatremia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:641
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- Baek Sh, Jo Yh, Ahn S, Et Al. Risk of Overcorrection in Rapid Intermittent Bolus vs Slow Continuous Infusion Therapies of Hypertonic Saline for Patients With Symptomatic Hyponatremia: The Salsa Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2021; 181:81
Hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and noncardiogenic pulmonary...
- Ayus Jc, Wheeler Jm, Arieff Ai. Postoperative Hyponatremic Encephalopathy in Menstruant Women. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:891
MEASUREMENTS Age, gender, menstrual status, neurologic...
- Kamel Ks, Bear Ra. Treatment of Hyponatremia: a Quantitative Analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 21:439
Urea for the Treatment of Hyponatremia. AU Rondon-Berrios H,...
- Berl T, Rastegar A. a Patient With Severe Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia: Osmotic Demyelination Following Potassium Repletion. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 55:742
The effect of potassium chloride on hyponatremia. AU LARAGH...
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Jun 25, 2021 · Patients with symptomatic hyponatremia should be treated with hypertonic fluid (either 3% saline or hypertonic sodium bicarbonate). Don't use normal saline here, because if the patient has SIADH this may exacerbate their hyponatremia.
- Overview
- Symptoms
- Causes
- Risk Factors
- Complications
- Prevention
Hyponatremia occurs when the concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte, and it helps regulate the amount of water that's in and around your cells. In hyponatremia, one or more factors — ranging from an underlying medical condition to drinking too much water — cause the sodium in your body to become diluted. W...
Hyponatremia signs and symptoms may include: 1. Nausea and vomiting 2. Headache 3. Confusion 4. Loss of energy, drowsiness and fatigue 5. Restlessness and irritability 6. Muscle weakness, spasms or cramps 7. Seizures 8. Coma
Sodium plays a key role in your body. It helps maintain normal blood pressure, supports the work of your nerves and muscles, and regulates your body's fluid balance. A normal blood sodium level is between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Hyponatremia occurs when the sodium in your blood falls below 135 mEq/L. Many possible conditions...
The following factors may increase your risk of hyponatremia: 1. Age.Older adults may have more contributing factors for hyponatremia, including age-related changes, taking certain medications and a greater likelihood of developing a chronic disease that alters the body's sodium balance. 2. Certain drugs.Medications that increase your risk of hypon...
In chronic hyponatremia, sodium levels drop gradually over 48 hours or longer — and symptoms and complications are typically more moderate. In acute hyponatremia, sodium levels drop rapidly — resulting in potentially dangerous effects, such as rapid brain swelling, which can result in a coma and death. Premenopausal women appear to be at the greate...
The following measures may help you prevent hyponatremia: 1. Treat associated conditions.Getting treatment for conditions that contribute to hyponatremia, such as adrenal gland insufficiency, can help prevent low blood sodium. 2. Educate yourself.If you have a medical condition that increases your risk of hyponatremia or you take diuretic medicatio...
Hyponatremia is decrease in serum sodium concentration 136 mEq/L ( 136 mmol/L) caused by an excess of water relative to solute. Common causes include diuretic use, diarrhea, heart failure, liver disease, renal disease, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
Hypovolemic hyponatremia is treated with normal saline infusions. Treating euvolemic hyponatremia includes restricting free water consumption or using salt tablets or intravenous vaptans.
Hyponatremia is an important and common clinical problem. The etiology is multifactorial. Hyponatremia may be euvolemic, hypovolemic or hypervolemic. Proper interpretation of the various laboratory tests helps to differentiate the various types of hyponatremia.
Thiazide diuretics (sometimes called water pills) are a common cause of hyponatremia. These medications increase sodium excretion, which increases water excretion. Thiazide diuretics are usually well-tolerated but can cause hyponatremia in people prone to low sodium, particularly older adults. Role of vasopressin.
