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The Sultanate of Rûm was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert (1071).
May 29, 2024 · Seljuq, the ruling military family of the Oguz (Oghuz, or Ghuzz) Turkic tribes that invaded southwestern Asia in the 11th century and eventually founded an empire that included Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, and most of Iran. Their advance marked the beginning of Turkic power in the Middle East.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Nov 11, 2022 · Sultanates operated in territories in Persia and Syria, and a fiercely independent Seljuk state was founded by Süleyman Süleyman (Seljuk Rum founder) [Suleyman Seljuk Rum founder] Süleyman after his capture of the Byzantine city of Nicaea, conquest of (1078) Nicaea in 1078.
The timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (1077–1307) is summarized below. [1] [2] Background. After the battles of Pasinler in 1048 and Malazgirt in 1071 Turks founded a number of states in Anatolia. These were the vassals of Great Seljuk Empire.
YearEvent1202Süleyman II annexes Saltukid realm ( ...1202Kingdom of Georgia defeats Süleyman II at ...1204Kılıç Arslan III (1204–1205)1205Keyhüsrev I (1205–1211) (second time)- Origins
- Initial Conflicts: 1048–1071
- Turkic Conquests: 1071–1096
- Byzantium Survives: 1096–1118
- Byzantine Counter-Attack: 1118–1180
- Summary
- See Also
- Further Reading
The decades after the death of the Byzantine emperor Basil II (r. 976–1025) saw a long series of crises and a severe weakening of imperial authority and military power. This included a succession crisis and a series of weak Emperors under the increasing influence of bureaucrats in Constantinople. At the same time the efforts to restrain the ambitio...
In 18 September 1048, The Battle of Kapetron, fought by Tuğrul Bey's half-brother İbrahim Yınal Bey against the Byzantine Empire and its ally the Georgian Kingdom and other allied armies at the end of his Anatolian campaign, resulted in the victory of the Seljuks. In 1054, Sultan Tughril I of the Seljuk Empire besieged Manzikert. The defenders led ...
After Manzikert, the Seljuk Turks concentrated on their eastern territorial gains which were threatened by the Fatimid dynasty in Egypt although Alp Arslan encouraged other allied Turks and vassals to establish Beyliks in Asia Minor.Many Byzantines at the time did not see the victory as a total disaster and when the Turks began occupying the countr...
The first Crusaders arrived in 1096 following Alexius' appeal to the West.The agreement between the Byzantines and the Crusaders was that any Byzantine cities re-captured from the Turks would be handed over to the Empire. This was beneficial for the Crusaders as it meant that they did not have to garrison captured towns and lose troop strength whil...
The death of Alexius I brought John II Comnenus to power. By now, the Seljuk Turks had fractured and became loosely allied to each other. During this time the Sultanate of Rum was busy fighting off their former allies, the Danishmends. John Comnenus was able to use this to his advantage as he undertook a series of campaigns in Anatolia and Syria. J...
Though Anatolia had been under Roman rule for almost 1000 years, the Seljuks rapidly consolidated their holdings. This allowed them to hold on to their lands and made it all the more difficult for the Byzantines during the Komnenian restorationto re-conquer. The result was that even when the Byzantine empire was not riddled with civil disputes, it ...
Bentley, Jerry H.; Ziegler, Herbert (2006). Traditions & Encounters a Global Perspective on the Past (3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw–Hill. ISBN 0-07-295754-9.Cahen, Claude (1968). Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History c. 1071–1330. New York: Taplinger.Chahin, Mark (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1452-9.Cheynet, Jean-Claude (1998). "La résistance aux Turcs en Asie Mineure entre Mantzikert et la Première Croisade". ΕΥΨΥΧΙΑ. Mélanges offerts à Hélène Ahrweiler (in French). Paris: Éditions de la Sorb...The sultanate of Rum was established after 1071 in territory in southern-central Anatolia (Asia Minor), formerly a Near East possession of the Eastern Roman empire.
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Apr 22, 2019 · Seljuk power survived in Anatolia as the Sultanate of Rum, until it was vassalized by the Mongols following the Battle of Kose Dag in 1243. Top image: The Seljuks invaded Central Asia and Southeast Russia in the 11th century.
