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What is territoriality in animal behaviour?
Why is territoriality important?
What is territoriality in animal kingdom?
What is territoriality?
territorial behaviour, in zoology, the methods by which an animal, or group of animals, protects its territory from incursions by others of its species. Territorial boundaries may be marked by sounds such as bird song, or scents such as pheromones secreted by the skin glands of many mammals.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Who Wins?
- Establishment
- Boundaries and Landmarks
- Hormones
- Neighbor-Stranger Discrimination
The resident typically wins interactions with intruders. Researchers cite several reasons why residents win (Maynard Smith and Parker 1976), and no single explanation fits every situation. Animals may use a rule, “residents always win.” However, this explanation has little support, and in most cases, winners of territorial disputes are not based on...
Many studies have examined interactions between residents and intruders that occur once an individual already has established a territory. Fewer studies have explored how territories become established initially, particularly in natural settings. Stamps (1988) used field experiments to show that anoles (Anolis aeneus) are attracted to conspecifics,...
Territories represent areas of exclusive use; therefore, they have boundaries. Indeed, such boundaries can be readily apparent to a human observer, as when a gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) chasing an intruder suddenly stops at an “invisible” line and turns around, presumably returning to its own territory. One cost of territorial defense, the...
As noted earlier, in many territorial species, males maintain exclusive spaces, whereas females occupy undefended home ranges. Such behavior is often associated with levels of testosterone, with territorial behavior appearing seasonally when testosterone levels increase. Increased testosterone levels correlate with increased aggression and sexual b...
Territory owners may become familiar with their neighbors over time. Initially, interactions are intense between neighbors, with frequent displays or fights, until both individuals learn to recognize each other and the boundaries between them. After the initial learning phase, interactions between neighbors decline, and owners may permit neighbors ...
- cmaher@maine.edu
Jun 7, 2014 · Introduction. Territoriality occurs widely throughout the animal kingdom, observed in taxa as diverse as mammals, birds, insects and fishes. Territories are spatial regions, defended against conspecifics, for the purpose of using resources and providing mating opportunities.
- Jonathan R. Potts, Mark A. Lewis
- 2014
Jun 1, 2020 · Territoriality is a powerful framework in animal behaviour, motivating and lending context to research on myriad aspects of animals’ biology, including resource acquisition, space use behaviour, communication and mating systems (Noble, 1939, Carpenter, 1958, Orians, 1969, Emlen and Oring, 1977, Maher and Lott, 1995, Maher and Lott, 2000). In ...
- Ambika Kamath, Ashton B. Wesner
- 2020
Territoriality is a pattern of behavior and attitudes held by an individual or group that is based on perceived, attempted, or actual control of a definable physical space, object, or idea. It may involve habitual occupation, defense, personalization, and marking of that space.
Mar 10, 2011 · We find that the key parameters controlling territoriality are two: the average territory size, i.e. the inverse of the population density, and the time span during which animal scent marks remain active.
As with all theoretical models in biology, models of aggression are not intended as exact representations of the real world.
