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- Territoriality is a means of affecting (enhancing or impeding) interaction and extends the particulars of action by contact. Territoriality is defined here as the attempt to affect, influ- ence, or control actions, interactions, or access by asserting and attempting to enforce control over a specific geographic area.
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Territoriality is a form of behavior in which one or more individuals actively defend a home range against other members of their own species. Others have listed the causes of territoriality as an expression of site attachment, aggression, and sexual behavior (Alcock, 2001; Ardrey, 1966; Beebe et al., 2008; Malmberg, 1980 ).
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- Author Contributions
- Funding
- Conflict of Interest Statement
- Acknowledgments
- Supplementary Material
Communal signals are joint visual or acoustic displays produced when two or more individuals coordinate their signaling behavior, a communication strategy widespread in social animals, including crustaceans (Tóth and Duffy, 2005), primates (Müller and Anzenberger, 2002), and birds (Hall, 2009). A key feature of these signals is that male and female...
Definitions
We define communal signaling as an acoustic display involving two or more members of a social unit, including both males and females. Their contribution to the display must include long-range acoustic signals that are coordinated or stereotyped in some way, whether they be loosely synchronous, regularly alternating, or precisely interwoven. In many cases, the primary long-range acoustic signal in birds is termed the “song,” but because we are interested in the underlying processes giving rise...
Data Collection
We compiled data from field observations, feedback from regional experts, published literature, sound archives, and other online sources of information. Details of signaling behavior, social system, territorial behavior, and movements in birds were compiled in a global database through direct observations by JAT and NS. Observations of >4000 breeding bird species spanned a 20-year period including fieldwork in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, South-eas...
Data Limitations, Inference, and Uncertainty
In this study, we provide the first global assessment of communal signaling, territoriality, and social bond duration across the world's birds. The scale of this assessment raises a number of challenges, not least because a large proportion of bird species remain poorly known. Nonetheless, we argue that sufficient information is now available to assign almost all species to a useful classification system. To achieve this goal, we used multiple strands of evidence, including direct observation...
Prevalence and Distribution of Communal Signaling
We found evidence of communal signaling in 1830 species (18%) in the total list of 10328 species (see Appendix A in Supplementary Material). Excluding species with poor signaling data (category C and D) produced a smaller total of 1812 species with communal signaling (17%); of these, duetting occurs in 1627 (~16 %) species, a total that includes chorusing species which occasionally duet. Duetting was previously thought to be present in only 222 (or ~2–3%) of species (Thorpe, 1972; Kunkel, 197...
Predictors of Communal Signaling
We found that there is a strong phylogenetic signal in the occurrence of duetting and chorusing (Figure 1), with evolutionary history a dominant predictor of these traits in our combined full (Table S2), and final models (Table S3). In the BTMM, taxonomy (Order, Family, Genus) explained 16–39% of the variance in communal acoustic signaling, and in the BPMM, phylogeny explained ~96% of variance (at both levels of data certainty we used in analyses; see below). This result is not surprising giv...
Co-Evolution of Communal Signaling with Life-History Traits
When we used BayesTraits analyses to examine evolutionary transitions between states, we again found strong evidence that communal signaling evolved together with year-round territoriality (average log Bayes Factor 824.66), stable social bonds (average log Bayes Factor 310.70) and, to a lesser extent, cooperative breeding (average log Bayes Factor 26.23; Tables S4, S5). A log Bayes Factor above two can be viewed as significant (Kass and Raftery, 1995). Re-running these analyses on conservativ...
Our comparative analyses reveal that avian duets and choruses are significantly linked to both year-round territory defense and long-term social bonds, and only weakly associated with cooperative breeding. Furthermore, once we accounted for these relationships, as well as for shared ancestry, we found no evidence that latitude, climatic variability...
Based on our global survey, we estimate that communal signaling occurs in at least 1830 (~18 %) bird species, and is thus far more widespread than often assumed. Our analyses confirm that the occurrence of this behavior across the world's birds is correlated with a suite of environmental variables, including climatic variability and latitude, as we...
JT and NS conceived, designed, and coordinated the study, and wrote the manuscript. JT and AC compiled and curated data. CS, AM, and SN designed and carried out statistical analyses.
JT was supported by the John Fell Fund and the Natural Environment Research Council. NS was funded by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. SN was supported by a Royal Society of New Zealand Rutherford Discovery Fellowship and an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We thank Walter Jetz, David Orme, and Alex Pigot for technical support, access to data and comments on an earlier draft. We are also grateful to Moudud Hussain, Robin Lucas, Hannah MacGregor, and Monte Neate-Clegg for assistance with literature reviews and data management. Data collection was facilitated by many field researchers and curators of mu...
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2016.00074
- Joseph A. Tobias, Joseph A. Tobias, Catherine E Sheard, Nathalie Seddon, Andrew Meade, Alison J. Cot...
- 2016
Jul 1, 2005 · Organizational members can and do become territorial over physical spaces, ideas, roles, relationships, and other potential possessions in organizations. We examine how territorial behaviors are used to construct, communicate, maintain, and restore territories in organizations.
- Graham Brown, Thomas B. Lawrence, Sandra L. Robinson
- 2005
Territoriality is a means of affecting (enhancing or impeding) interaction and extends. the particulars of action by contact. Territoriality is defined here as the attempt to affect, influ- ence, or control actions, interactions, or access by asserting and attempting to enforce control over a specific geographic area.
Jan 1, 2022 · Definitions. Territoriality refers to maintenance of a territory and thus includes territorial behavior, at the individual level, and spatial patterns that result from those individual interactions, at the population level (Hinsch and Komdeur 2017 ). However, territory may be defined conceptually in many ways (Maher and Lott 1995 ).
- cmaher@maine.edu
As a decolonial option from the Global South, territoriality (1) counters Western narratives that privilege the global over the local; (2) offers novel ways to understand translation as both a communicative practice and a historicist inquiry; and, (3) furthers the notion of ecocultural identity. KEYWORDS: Territoriality or territorialidad.
Jun 1, 2020 · Territoriality is central to animal behaviourists' understanding of many facets of animal behaviour, including resource acquisition, space use behaviour, communication and mating systems. However, the term itself, how it is conceptualized and defined, has long been nebulous and contentious.
