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ʿUthmān ibn ʿAlī (Arabic: عثمان بن علی) was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Umm al-Banin. He fought in the Battle of Karbala, in which he was martyred. Uthman is highly honored by Muslims for his sacrifice. According to some sources Uthman was 21 and had no children when he was martyred.
- Early Life & Conversion
- Rise to Power
- Domestic Policies
- Standardization of The Quranic Text
- Military Expeditions
- Rebellion Against The Caliph
- Death & Aftermath
- Conclusion
Uthman was born in 576/583 CE in Taif, a resort Arabian town in the Hejaz region, to Affan ibn Abi al-As, a successful merchant and a wealthy man. Uthman was well educated and soon found himself in his father's position who had passed away, making him one of the richest men in Mecca. When the Islamic Prophet declared his mission, a mutual friend, A...
The Islamic community was shaken after the death of its patriarch, Prophet Muhammad, who succumbed to his illness in 632 CE. It was Abu Bakr, one of his closest associates, who led the society as the first Caliph of Islam. Many tribes who had seceded from the community, were brought back under the canopy of Islam in the wake of the Ridda Wars or th...
Upon assuming power, Uthman increased, by a quarter, the general allowance for people (originally introduced by Umar). He also permitted people to draw loans from the state treasury, which had been hitherto prohibited, on the pretext of supporting business and tradegrowth. Although he never drew any salary from the state treasury, he did accept gif...
Uthman's greatest legacy is the way the Quran, the Holy Scripture of Islam, is read today. The first Caliph, Abu Bakr took a momentous step in compiling the Quran, while ensuring that the text was not tampered. However, Uthman noticed that as the realm expanded and more people entered the circle of Islam, the Quran was being recited in multiple dia...
Military commanders, who had previously acted in accordance with the Caliph's decisions, started operating independently under Uthman, pushing the borders of the empire farther on their own accord. Employing the talents of the native Syrians, the Muslims took to naval warfare. A Byzantine fleet attempting to retake Alexandria was beaten back in 646...
Allegations of nepotism against him were rampant throughout the empire and his quarrels with some leading companions of the Prophet also scandalized the people. His reputation was furthered tarnished by false accusations of blasphemy. However, the final nail in the coffin was struck by the sheer cost of running an empire: lower stipends for an ever...
The rebels had resolved on killing him and upon finding the front entrance to his house guarded, they climbed in from the back wall. They found the old caliph reading the Quran and struck him down. Uthman's wife Naila valiantly rushed to protect her husband and shielded him with her bare hands, only to have many of her fingers cut. As Uthman's bloo...
Uthman's charitable acts inspired many within the community, as evident by the masses who flocked under the banner of Muawiya to avenge his death. However, despite his many amiable qualities, he could not rise to the challenge of leadership. His nepotism combined with rash decisions, unreasonable leniency, and gullible nature haunted him throughout...
Uthman ibn Affan (Arabic: عُثْمَان بْن عَفَّان, romanized: ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān; c. 573 or 576 – 17 June 656) was the third caliph, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656.
- Caliph Abu Bakr (r. 632-634 CE) The death of Prophet Muhammad, in 632 CE, was a tragic loss for his followers, many even refused to accept that he was gone.
- Caliph Umar (r. 634-644 CE) Abu Bakr had received the support of many influential men; one of such men was Umar ibn Khattab (l. 584-644 CE), a senior companion of Muhammad, known for his fiery temper and his unwavering stance on justice.
- Caliph Uthman (r. 644-656 CE) In his last breaths, Umar appointed a committee of six members (shura – in Arabic) to choose his successor; they narrowed the options down to two people: Uthman ibn Affan (l.
- Caliph Ali (r. 656-661 CE) Ali, who had remained under the shadows of his seniors up to that point (advising them in the matters of the state), finally became the next caliph, but the unity of the Muslims had died with Uthman.
Jan 13, 2022 · A shy man, who spoke few words but whose heart was filled with love for God and His messenger. Immediately after being elected, Uthman ibn Affan addressed the people from the minbar previously used by Prophet Muhammad.
Jun 26, 2020 · The First Fitna (656-661 CE) was the first civil war of the Islamic Empire fought between the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661 CE), and the governor of Syria, Muawiya (later Muawiya I; r. 661-680 CE).
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Jun 25, 2024 · Uthman's Quran or the Imam's Quran is the Quran compiled by the third Rashidun Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. He ordered it to be copied and the copies sent to Islamic countries, after the death of Muhammad.
