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Nagodba, 1868, pact that governed Croatia’s political status as a territory of Hungary until the end of World War I. When the Ausgleich, or Compromise, of 1867 created the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy, Croatia, which was part of the Habsburg empire, was merged with Slavonia and placed under Hungarian jurisdiction.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Croatia (Croatian Baranja and Međimurje county, Fiume as corpus separatum along with Slavonia and Central Croatia were not part of Hungary proper, the latter two were part of the sovereign Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia)
- Introduction↑
- Austria-Hungary in 1914↑
- The Military↑
- Entering The War↑
- War at The Fronts↑
- Mobilizations on The Home Fronts↑
- Camps↑
- 1917-1918↑
- Conclusion↑
The assassination of the Habsburg heir in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 set in motion events that led to a global war. Arguably it was eighty-three-year-old Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1830-1916), pressured by military advisers, government ministers, and his German ally, who unleashed the war. Austria-Hungary’s wartime experiences, however, ra...
In 1914 Austria-Hungary was Europe’s second largest state (after Russia) with its third largest population (after Russia and Germany). It covered an area that today lies within the borders of Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine. Austria-Hungary held no ex...
The liberal reform era that established Austria and Hungary as separate states in 1867 had also created a system of general conscription for military service that applied to all male citizens of Austria and Hungary. The law shortened the period of service to three years (later two), ending the practice that allowed some men to dodge military servic...
In the summer of 1914 a small circle of men in the military high command, foremost among them Chief of the General Staff Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf (1852-1925), wanted Austria-Hungary to declare war on its neighbor Serbia. Ostensibly, they sought to punish Serbia for what they claimed had been its government’s proven involvement in planning the 24...
Austria-Hungary began mobilizing for a single-front war on 28 July. In less than a year however, and for the duration, Austria-Hungary found itself trapped in a three-front war for which it had not planned. The War Command (Armeeoberkommando, or AOK), originally implemented its Plan B (Balkan) to invade Serbia from three sides, even though Conrad v...
From 1914 to 1917 Austria-Hungary also experienced revolutionary economic and social transformations on the home front. From changes in labor and gender relations to ongoing crises in food provision, the movements of thousands of refugees, and the rise of rumors and denunciation as a way of life, the war revolutionized every aspect of what came to ...
Late in 1914, over 7,000 Ukrainian citizens — often whole villages — were deported from Galicia to notorious internment camps in Moravia (Theresienstadt) and Styria (Thalerhof). Treated as enemies of the state, the deportees suffered horrendous conditions. Other camps had to be constructed to hold the hundreds of thousands of Russian and Italian PO...
The year 1917 brought political transformation to Austria-Hungary, if no improvement in wartime conditions. The most consequential change was the death of Emperor-King Francis Joseph after almost sixty-eight years as ruler. Many people found it difficult to imagine a future without this familiar and unifying figure as head of state. The new emperor...
There is no agreed date on which the Habsburg Monarchy ceased to exist, either practically, formally, or institutionally. Taken together, the declarations of regional independence in October and Charles’s non-abdication ended the empire. Yet despite those regional proclamations of independence, it was usually the military situation on the ground th...
Others, most notably Christopher Clark, have argued that Austria-Hungary, confronted with a neighbor determined to incite continual unrest and ultimately acquire all of the Serb-inhabited lands of the empire (according to the Pan-Serb point of view, they included all of Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia, Hercegovina and some of the southern counties of ...
In contrast to the modern, centrally controlled nation-state, the hereditary lands were independent territories linked only by their common monarch. Their common name in the 19th century was the Austrian Empire, which after the Compromise of 1867 constituted the western half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. and the lands of the Hungarian Kingdom.
Hungary in World War I. At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Hungary was part of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Although there are no significant battles specifically connected to Hungarian regiments, the troops suffered high losses throughout the war as the Empire suffered defeat after defeat.
Jul 22, 2019 · Hoping that Austria-Hungary might back an independent Poland, Polish nationalists mobilized their volunteer paramilitary units; Polish Legions later fought as part of the Austro-Hungarian army. Ukrainian nationalists also formed a volunteer unit, the Sich Riflemen, which fought on the Eastern Front as part of the Austrian Landwehr.
