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Zhou Enlai ( Chinese: 周恩来; pinyin: Zhōu Ēnlái; Wade–Giles: Chou1 Ên1-lai2; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Mao Zedong and aided the ...
SHOW ALL QUESTIONS. The Western Zhou ( Chinese: 西周; pinyin: Xīzhōu; c. 1045 BC – 771 BC) was a period of Chinese history, approximately first half of the Zhou dynasty, before the period of the Eastern Zhou. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty at the Battle of Muye and ended when Quanrong pastoralists sacked its ...
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Dec 6, 2023 · Dr. Beth Harris. Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art. We believe art has the power to transform lives and to build understanding across cultures. The brilliant histories of art belong to everyone, no matter their background. Smarthistory’s free, award-winning digital content unlocks the expertise of hundreds of leading scholars, making ...
- Fēngjiàn
- Western and Eastern Zhou
- Decline
- Agriculture
- Legacy
- References
In the West, the Zhou period is often described as feudal because the Zhou's early rule invites comparison with medieval rule in Europe. However, historians debate the meaning of the term feudal; the more appropriate term for the Zhou Dynasty's political arrangement would be from the Chinese language itself: the Fēngjiàn(封建) system. The Zhou amalga...
Initially the Ji family was able to control the country firmly. In 771 B.C.E., after King You of Zhou had replaced his queen with a concubine, the capital was sacked by the joint force of the queen's father, who was the powerful Marquess of Shen, and a nomadic tribe. The queen's son, King Ping of Zhou, was proclaimed the new king by the nobles from...
With the royal line broken, the power of the Zhou court gradually diminished; the fragmentation of the kingdom accelerated. From Ping Wang onwards, the Zhou kings ruled in name only, with true power lying in the hands of powerful nobles. Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, the nobles did not even bother to acknowledge the Ji family symbolically an...
Agriculture in Zhou dynasty was intensive and in many cases directed by the government. All farming lands were owned by nobles, who then gave their land to their serfs, similar to European feudalism. For example, a piece of land was divided into nine squares in the shape of the character for "water well," jing (井), with the grain from the middle sq...
The Zhou dynasty left a rich legacy. It gave stability and a large measure of peace to a large area of China from the eleventh to the third centuries B.C.E. During this period, the people developed a culture and a way of life and a world-view that bound them together within a common universe. This paved the way for the unification of China by the Q...
Gernet, Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0521497817Hucker, Charles O. China to 1850: A Short History. Stanford< CA: Stanford University Press, 1978. ISBN 978-0804709583Li, Xueqin. Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilizations. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986. ISBN 978-0300032864Shaughnessy, Edward L. Sources of Western Zhou History: Inscribed Bronze Vessels. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0520070288This chapter blends narrative and analysis, while giving more or less equal weight to all of the written evidence for Western Zhou history, both traditional and paleographic. It begins with an evaluation of the sources; treats briefly the legendary and preconquest history of the Zhou people.
- Edward Shaughnessy
- 1999
Nov 10, 2020 · Abstract. The present chapter deals with the early history and archaeology of the Zhou dynasty (mid-eleventh to third centuries bce ), beginning with the legendary period of early ancestors, traditionally traced back several centuries earlier. Up-to-date efforts of Chinese archaeologists to systematize and to interpret manifold cultural remains ...
King Wen of Zhou. Shizu ( 始祖, lit. "First Founder") King Wen of Zhou ( Chinese: 周文王; pinyin: Zhōu Wén Wáng; 1152–1050 BC, the Cultured King) was the posthumous title given to Ji Chang ( Chinese: 姬昌 ), the patriarch of the Zhou state during the final years of Shang dynasty in ancient China. Ji Chang himself died before the end ...
