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Existentialism, comprises part of this series’ goal by exploring the reception of Søren Kierkegaard’s thought in the movement that, on some accounts, begins with the Dane himself.
- The Categorical Imperative
- Utilitarianism
- Epicureanism
- Stoicism
- Nihilism
- Existentialism
- Introspection
- Memento Mori
- Confucianism
- Humanism
Most people have contemplated ethics at some point in their lives. One of the most famous topics in ethics is Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative. The idea was first introduced in Kant's book Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals in 1785. The categorical imperative says there are certain moral rules people should follow regardless of the circu...
Where The Categorical Imperative stresses general principles, utilitarianism stresses one idea, that the best action is the one that maximizes happiness for all involved. Some of the most famous utilitarians include philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism is a branch of consequentialism, a branch of ethics that judg...
Epicureanism is another philosophy focused on ethics, based on the teachings of the philosopher Epicurus. At the heart of Epicureanism is the idea that people should live a simple life. Epicurus cited the greatest good and highest level of happiness as achieving tranquility, freedom from fear, and the absence of bodily pain. To achieve this happine...
Founded by the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno, stoicismis a philosophy that focuses on virtue ethics. Besides Aristotle's virtue ethics, the stoics are one of the major approaches to virtue ethics. Virtue ethics treats morals virtue as central to morality. According to the Stoics, practicing virtue and living in accordance with nature is key to ach...
Nihilism was born out of skepticism in 19th-century Russia. The philosophy rejects generally accepted ideas about morality, knowledge, and meaning. At the core of nihilism is the belief that nobody knows anything or can know anything. Many nihilists agree that values are baseless, there are no oral truths, nothing can be truly known, and that life ...
Influenced by nihilism, existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom and choice and the inherent meaninglessness of life. The philosophy was born out of the horrors of the 20th century. World War II, the Nazi death camps, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, all created the circumstances for "the existential momen...
While you can learn about your mind through psychologybooks, according to many philosophers, the best way to learn about your mind is through introspection. Introspection is the process of looking at your own mind to discover how it works. It is closely connected to epistemology, the field of philosophy looking at knowledge and the distinction betw...
"Memento Mori" is Latin for "remember you will die" and is a reflection on the temporary nature of existence. It serves as a reminder to take action and not take your time on earth for granted. The phrase dates back to ancient Roman tradition and military triumph. After a general claimed a victory in ancient Rome, a companion or slave would follow ...
Founded by the Chinese philosopher Confucius, Confucianismwas a way of life followed by Chinese people from the 6th to the 5th century BCE. The ideas have influenced other countries, including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Confucianism is a way of life, social ethic, and political ideology. The philosophy stresses living in harmony with others and uph...
Humanism is a philosophy that centers on individual and social human potential and focuses on the agency of humans. The word humanism comes from the Latin word humanitas, a word first used by Roman thinkers such as Cicero to describe values related to liberal education. Since then, the word has changed meaning, and there is no universally agreed-up...
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Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s work is commonly associated with the philosophical movement called existentialism and its intention to begin with an analysis of the concrete experiences, perceptions, and difficulties, of human existence.
Jun 7, 2020 · What are the basic concepts/ideas of existentialism? Existentialism is a philosophical movement that views human existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics, such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and consciousness of existing.
Martin Heidegger is widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of the 20 th century, while remaining one of the most controversial. His thinking has contributed to such diverse fields as phenomenology ( Merleau-Ponty ), existentialism ( Sartre, Ortega y Gasset), hermeneutics (Gadamer, Ricoeur ), political ...
Jewish Ethics: Some Basic Concepts and Ideas. The biblical text and the Rabbinic tradition provide the universal search for an ethical life with passion and some unique concepts. By the editors of the Encyclopedia of Judaism
Apr 30, 2023 · These “Peoples” have three basic characteristics: (1) a just and constitutional democratic government that serves their fundamental interest; (2) citizens united by common sympathies; and (3) a...
