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The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theater, [45] was the theater of World War II that was fought in eastern Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the vast Pacific Ocean theater, the South West Pacific theater, the Second Sino ...
- 7 December 1941 – 2 September 1945, (3 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 5 days)
- The War
- Characteristics of The War
- Aftermath
- Prominent Military Commanders
- References
- External Links
Bolivia, after several short-lived governments, stood unprepared to face the Chilean Army by itself. From the beginning of the war it became clear that, in a difficult desert war, control of the sea would provide the deciding factor.Bolivia had no navy and Peru faced an economic collapse that left its navy and army without proper training or budget...
Strategic control of the sea
The war theater between 1879 and 1881 was a large expanse of desert, sparsely populated and far removed from major cities or resource centers; it is, however, close to the Pacific Ocean. It was clear from the beginning that control of the sea would be the key to an inevitably difficult desert war: Supply by sea, including water, food, ammunition, horses, fodder and reinforcements, was quicker and easier than marching supplies through the desert or the Bolivian high plateau. While the Chilean...
Occupation, resistance, and attrition
The occupation of Peru between 1881 and 1884 was a different story altogether. The war theater was the Peruvian Sierra, where Peruvian resistance had easy access to population, resource, and supply centers further away from the sea; it could carry out a war of attrition indefinitely. The Chilean Army, turned occupation force, was split into small garrisons across the theater and could devote only part of its strength to hunting down rebels without a central authority. After a costly occupatio...
Participation of Chinese immigrants
According to Hong Kong Asia Television program, Stories of Chinese Afar III, there were about 2000 Chineseworkers participating on the Chilean side. Their roles were spoofing as working with the Peruvians to acquire intelligence, act as back-end support or to initiate a sudden attack to the Peruvian army during Lynch's Expedition.
Peace terms
Under the terms of the Treaty of Ancón, Chile was to occupy the provinces of Tacna and Arica for 10 years, after which a plebiscite was to be held to determine their nationality. The two countries failed for decades to agree on the terms of the plebiscite. Finally in 1929, through the mediation of the United States under President Herbert Hoover, an accord was reached by which Chile kept Arica; Peru reacquired Tacna and received $6 million indemnity and other concessions. In 1884, Bolivia sig...
Long-term consequences
The War of the Pacific left traumatic scars on Bolivian and Peruvian society. For Bolivians, the loss of the territory which they refer to as the litoral (Spanish for "littoral," the coast) remains a deeply emotional issue and a practical one, as was particularly evident during the internal natural gas riots of 2004. Popular belief attributes much of the country's problems to its landlocked condition; conversely, recovering the seacoast is seen as the solution to most of these. However, the r...
Bolivia
1. Mr. Eduardo Abaroa †, an engineer, was killed leading a group of civilian defenders at the Battle of Topater 2. General Narciso Campero, military President of Bolivia (1880-1884) 3. General Hilarión Daza, military President of Bolivia (1876-1879)
Chile
1. General Manuel Baquedano, commander in chief of the Chilean Army 2. Captain Ignacio Carrera †, killed with the entire garrison at the Battle of La Concepción 3. Rear Admiral Patricio Lynch, military Governor of occupied Peru 4. Captain Arturo Prat †, was killed while attempting to board the Huáscarat the Battle of Iquique
Peru
1. Colonel Francisco Bolognesi †, was killed while leading the defense of the Arica garrison 2. General Andrés Cáceres, led the guerilla war during the occupation of Peru, was elected President of Peru after the war 3. Rear Admiral Miguel Grau †, commander of Huáscarand widely known as "the gentleman of the seas," was killed at the Naval Battle of Angamos 4. Colonel Leoncio Prado †, the son of former President Mariano Ignacio Prado, chose duty as a soldier over an oath not to fight, was captu...
Corporación de Defensa de la Soberanía. Causa y Consecuencias de la Guerra del Pacífico.Retrieved November 7, 2007.El Diario. Noticias El DiarioRetrieved November 7, 2007.Domínguez, Jorge I., David Mares, Manuel Orozco, David Scott Palmer, Francisco Rojas Aravena, and Andrés Serbin. Boundary Disputes in Latin America. Washington, D.C.: Institute of Peace, 2003.Foster, John B., and Brett Clark. "Ecological Imperialism: The Curse of Capitalism." The Socialist Register(2004): 186-201.All links retrieved June 5, 2020. 1. (Spanish) La Guerra del Pacífico, Los Héroes OlvidadosChilean site. 2. (Spanish) Sin mar… hace 127 años("Without Sea… for 127 years"); page about the war and its impact on Bolivian society.
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Thus, the Midway battle was a turning point in the war. Key Terms. Pacific Theater: A major theater of the war between the Allies and Japan. It was defined by the Allied powers' Pacific Ocean Area command, which included most of the Pacific Ocean and its islands and excluded mainland Asia, the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, Borneo ...
The War of the Pacific contributed decisively in the first two of those countries. In Bolivia, a common political discourse attributes that country's underdevelopment to its loss of seaports in the War of the Pacific becoming a landlocked country. Bolivia lost its Litoral Department and its
First, Japan started the Pacific War as the last stage of a long drive to gain Asian hegemony. Second, the Asia-Pacific theater’s violence, only equaled on the eastern front, resulted primarily from the way Japan’s leaders chose to fight and the battle ethos infused in their fighting men.
renew the post-war bases agreement. Beyond the closest military cooperation between the two countries, Osmeña sought U.S. war-damage payments and in May 1945, the Commonwealth government obtained from President Truman a “preliminary statement” which committed the United States to grant 1 million Philippine pesos for the maintenance of
three specific issues in which the Pacific War maintains a strong hold over the fates of millions and the geopolitics of the region. The first lasting legacy of the Pacific War is the continued division of the Korean Peninsula, which had previously been undivided. Korea was colonized by Japan in 1910, but was not involved in any of the
