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This chapter presents the historical roots of existential and humanistic theories and then describes four specific theories: European existential-phenomenological psychology, Logotherapy and existential analysis, American existential psychology and American humanistic psychology.
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Unlike the biological theories, the humanistic and existential theories focus on human growth and the value of life. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are the two important proponents of humanistic approach. In this section, the major concepts of humanistic and existential theories will be dealt in detail.
Humanistic psychology comprise a group of psychologists who suggest that humans are always seeking to develop their full potential. They also disregard mechanistic explanations of human behaviour. Existential psychology is the application of existential philosophy to psychological issues.
Frankl became one of the key figures in existential therapy and a prominent source of inspiration for humanistic psychologists. Frankl was born in Vienna into a Jewish family of civil servants (Beamtenfamilie). His interest in psychology surfaced early.
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Existential Psychology. As in many areas of psychology, there are close linkages between the Humanistic Approach and philosophy. For example, Rogers's concept of the phenomenal field as the basis of defining the self can be linked to the ideas of phenomenological philosophers like Edmund Husserl.
Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century, drawing on the work of early pioneers like Carl Rogers and the philosophies of existentialism and phenomenology.
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This rekindled discourse can be supplemented by an examination of the existential-phenomenological psychotherapy approach known as daseinsanalysis, as primarily influenced by the works of Martin Heidegger and Medard Boss.
