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The European Union (EU) has 24 official languages, of which three – English, French and German – have the higher status of "procedural" languages of the European Commission (whereas the European Parliament accepts all official languages as working languages).
The European Union has designated by agreement with the member states 24 languages as "official and working": Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish.
The EU has 24 official languages: Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish. History.
- Proto-Writing and Ideographic Systems
- Logographic Systems
- Syllabaries
- Segmental Systems
- List of Writing Systems by Adoption
- Undeciphered and Possible Writing Systems
- Undeciphered Manuscripts
- Phonetic Alphabets
- Alternative Alphabets
Ideographic scripts (in which graphemes are ideograms representing concepts or ideas rather than a specific word in a language) and pictographic scripts (in which the graphemes are iconic pictures) are not thought to be able to express all that can be communicated by language, as argued by the linguists John DeFrancis and J. Marshall Unger. Essenti...
In logographic writing systems, glyphs represent words or morphemes (meaningful components of words, as in mean-ing-ful) rather than phonetic elements. No logographic script is composed solely of logograms. All contain graphemes that represent phonetic (sound-based) elements as well. These phonetic elements may be used on their own (to represent, f...
In a syllabary, graphemes represent syllables or moras. (The 19th-century term syllabics usually referred to abugidasrather than true syllabaries.) 1. Afaka – Ndyuka 2. Alaska or Yugtun script – Central Yup'ik 3. Bété 4. Cherokee – Cherokee 5. Cypriot – Arcadocypriot Greek 6. Geba – Naxi 7. Iban or Dunging script – Iban 8. Kana – Japanese (although...
A segmental script has graphemes which represent the phonemes(basic unit of sound) of a language. Note that there need not be (and rarely is) a one-to-one correspondence between the graphemes of the script and the phonemes of a language. A phoneme may be represented only by some combination or string of graphemes, the same phoneme may be represente...
The following list contains writing systems that are in active use by a population of at least 50,000.
These systems have not been deciphered. In some cases, such as Meroitic, the sound values of the glyphs are known, but the texts still cannot be read because the language is not understood. Several of these systems, such as Isthmian script and Indus script, are claimed to have been deciphered, but these claims have not been confirmed by independent...
Comparatively recent manuscripts and other texts written in undeciphered (and often unidentified) writing systems; some of these may represent ciphers of known languages or hoaxes. 1. Voynich manuscript 2. Rohonc Codex 3. Codex Seraphinianus 4. Hamptonese 5. Dorabella cipher
This section lists alphabets used to transcribe phonetic or phonemic sound; not to be confused with spelling alphabets like the ICAO spelling alphabet. Some of these are used for transcription purposes by linguists; others are pedagogical in nature or intended as general orthographic reforms. 1. International Phonetic Alphabet 1.1. X-SAMPA (and ori...
Sep 11, 2008 · A guide to languages in the European Union. 11 September 2008. by eub2 -- last modified 11 September 2008. The European Union has 27 Member States and 23 official languages. Each Member State, when it joins the Union, stipulates which language or languages it wants to have declared official languages of the EU. Advertisement. Linguistic Diversity.
EU official languages are set out in a regulation, which is amended after each accession to add the new official languages. All official languages enjoy equal status. The 24 official languages make a total of 552 possible combinations, since each language can be translated into 23 others.
Official languages. The official and working languages of the EU institutions (hereinafter also ‘EU official languages’) are: Bulgarian; Spanish; Czech; Danish; German; Estonian; Greek; English; French; Irish; Croatian; Italian; Latvian; Lithuanian; Hungarian; Maltese; Dutch; Polish; Portuguese; Romanian; Slovak; Slovenian; Finnish; Swedish ...
