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The aim is to promote clarity, cohesion, and consistency, and to make the encyclopedia easier and more intuitive to use. For numbers, dates, and similar items in Wikipedia article titles, see the "Naming conventions (numbers and dates)" guideline. Where this manual gives options, maintain consistency within an article unless there is a good ...
Wikipedia, a free-content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers known as Wikipedians, began with its first edit on 15 January 2001, two days after the domain was registered. [2] It grew out of Nupedia, a more structured free encyclopedia, as a way to allow easier and faster drafting of articles and translations.
7th millennium BC · 7000–6001 BC. 6th millennium BC · 6000–5001 BC. 5th millennium BC · 5000–4001 BC. 4th millennium BC · 4000–3001 BC. 40th century BC. 39th century BC. 38th century BC. 37th century BC. 36th century BC.
May – July: Albanian revolt of 1910. May 6: George V becomes King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India upon the death of Edward VII. May 31: Union of South Africa is created. August 28: Kingdom of Montenegro is proclaimed independent. August 29: Imperial Japan annexes Korea.
- History
- Contemporary Usage
- Rationales
- Conventions in Style Guides
- Similar Conventions in Other Languages
- See Also
- External Links
Origins
The idea of numbering years beginning from the date he believed to be the date of birth of Jesus, was conceived around the year 525 by the Christian monk Dionysius Exiguus. He did this to replace the then dominant Era of Martyrs system, because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians.: 50 He numbered years from an initial reference date ("epoch"), an event he referred to as the Incarnation of Jesus. Dionysius labeled the column of the table in which he int...
Vulgar Era
The term "Common Era" is traced back in English to its appearance as "Vulgar Era" to distinguish dates on the Gregorian calendar which was in popular use from dates of the regnal year (the year of the reign of a sovereign) typically used in national law. (The word 'vulgar' originally meant 'of the ordinary people', with no derogatory associations.) The first use of the Latin term anno aerae nostrae vulgaris[f] may be that in a 1615 book by Johannes Kepler. Kepler uses it again, as ab Anno vul...
History of the use of the CE/BCE abbreviation
Although Jews have their own Hebrew calendar, they often use the Gregorian calendar without the AD prefix. As early as 1825, the abbreviation VE (for Vulgar Era) was in use among Jews to denote years in the Western calendar. As of 2005[update], Common Era notation has also been in use for Hebrew lessons for more than a century. Jews have also used the term Current Era.
Some academics in the fields of theology, education, archaeology and history have adopted CE and BCE notation despite some disagreement. Several style guides now prefer or mandate its use.A study conducted in 2014 found that the BCE/CE notation is not growing at the expense of BC and AD notation in the scholarly literature, and that both notations ...
Support
The use of CE in Jewish scholarship was historically motivated by the desire to avoid the implicit "Our Lord" in the abbreviation AD. Although other aspects of dating systems are based in Christian origins, AD is a direct reference to Jesus as Lord. Proponents of the Common Era notation assert that the use of BCE/CE shows sensitivity to those who use the same year numbering system as the one that originated with and is currently used by Christians, but who are not themselves Christian. Former...
Opposition
Some critics often note the fact that there is no difference in the epoch of the two systems, a moment about four to seven years after the date of birth of Jesusof Nazareth. BCE and CE are still aligned with BC and AD, which denote the periods before and after Jesus was born. Some Christians are offended by the removal of the reference to Jesus in the Common Era notation. The Southern Baptist Conventionsupports retaining the BC/AD abbreviations. Roman Catholic priest and writer on interfaith...
The abbreviation BCE, just as with BC, always follows the year number. Unlike AD, which still often precedes the year number, CE always follows the year number (if context requires that it be written at all). Thus, the current year is written as 2024 in both notations (or, if further clarity is needed, as 2024 CE, or as AD 2024), and the year that ...
In Germany, Jews in Berlin seem to have already been using words translating to "(before the) common era" in the 18th century, while others like Moses Mendelssohn opposed this usage as it would hin...In Spanish, common forms used for "BC" are a. C. and a. de C. (for "antes de Cristo", "before Christ"), with variations in punctuation and sometimes the use of J. C. (Jesucristo) instead of C. The...In Welsh, OC can be expanded to equivalents of both AD (Oed Crist) and CE (Oes Cyffredin); for dates before the Common Era, CC (traditionally, Cyn Crist) is used exclusively, as Cyn yr Oes Cyffredi...In Russian since the October Revolution (1917) до н.э. (до нашей эры, lit. before our era) and н.э. (нашей эры, lit. of our era) are used almost universally. Within Christian churches до Р.Х./от Р....The dictionary definition of Common_Era#Translationsat Wiktionary"From Our Readers: Ancient Manuscripts—How Are They Dated?". Awake!. Jehovah's Witnesses. 2009. Although A.D. (Anno Domini, meaning "in the year of our Lord") and B.C. (before Christ) are used in l...2090年 - OCU軍が ハフマン島 USN領ラーカス地区の軍需工場を破壊する事件（ラーカス事件）が発生。. これにより 第2次ハフマン紛争 が勃発する。. （ゲーム『 FRONT MISSION 』）. 2090年 - 外宇宙生命体が地球への攻撃を開始。. 世界連合軍は撃墜した敵戦闘機の ...
The Class A engines were coupled to what was known as the "Standard" tender which could carry 6 long tons (6.1 t; 6.7 short tons) of coal and 2,090 imperial gallons (9,500 L; 2,510 US gal) of water. Five members of the class were renumbered between 1924 and 1927 when Nos. 3, 4, 5, 9 and 17 became Nos. 33, 62, 59, 69 and 58 respectively.
