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4.2-kiloyear event: A severe aridification event that probably lasts the entire 22nd century BC and causes the collapse of several Old World civilizations. 2217 BC –2193 BC: Nomadic invasions of the Mesopotamian city of Akkad. c. 2200 BC: Austronesians reach the Batanes Islands of the Philippine Archipelago as part of the Austronesian Expansion.
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2334 BC – 2279 BC: ( short chronology) Sargon of Akkad 's...
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Modelling evidence suggests that the 4.2 ka event was the result of a significant weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), disrupting global ocean currents and generating precipitation and temperature changes in various regions. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) abruptly shifted southward. Evidence suggests incre...
A phase of intense aridity about 4.2 ka BP is recorded across North Africa, the Middle East, the Red Sea, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, and midcontinental North America. Glaciers throughout the mountain ranges of western Canada advanced about that time. Iceland also experienced glacial advance. Evidence has also been found in an I...
North Africa
At the site of Sidi Ali in the Middle Atlas, δ18O values indicate not a dry spell but a centennial-scale period of cooler and more humid climate. In c. 2150 BC, Egypt was hit by a series of exceptionally low Nile floods that may have influenced the collapse of the centralised government of the Old Kingdomafter a famine.
Middle East
The south-central Levant experienced two phases of dry climate punctuated by a wet interval in between and thus the 4.2 ka event in the region has been termed a W-shaped event. Enhanced dust flux coeval with δ18O peaks is recorded in Mesopotamia from 4260 to 3970 BP, reflecting intense aridity. The aridification of Mesopotamia may have been related to the onset of cooler sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic (Bond event 3), as analysis of the modern instrumental record shows that lar...
South and Central Asia
The Siberian High increased in area and magnitude, which blocked moisture-carrying westerly winds, causing intense aridity in Central Asia. The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and Indian Winter Monsoon (IWM) both declined in strength, leading to highly arid conditions in northwestern South Asia. The ISM's decline is evident from low Mn/Ti and Mn/Fe values in Rara Lake from this time. The area around PankangTeng Tso Lake in the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh had cold and dry conditions and w...
Kaniewski, D.; et al. (2008). "Middle East coastal ecosystem response to middle-to-late Holocene abrupt climate changes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Ame...Weiss, H., ed. (2012). Seven Generations Since the Fall of Akkad. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447068239.Weiss, H. (2000). "Beyond the Younger Dryas: Collapse as Adaptation to Abrupt Climate Change in Ancient West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean". In Bawden, G.; Reycraft, R. M. (eds.). Environmenta...Michael Marshall (26 January 2022), 'Did a mega drought topple empires 4,200 years ago?', NatureBeginning. Events. Significant persons. 22nd century BC. The 22nd century BC is a century which was from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC. Events. The Deluge tablet of the Gilgamesh epic in Akkadian. The historical Gilgamesh had died centuries earlier before his epic was recorded.
The Renaissance of Sumer is a period of the history of Mesopotamia that includes the years between the fall of the Akkadian Empire and the period of the Amorite dynasties of Isin and Larsa—both with governments of Semitic origin—between the centuries 22nd B.C. and 21st B.C.
Fiction set in the 22nd century BC (1 P) P. 22nd-century BC people (10 C) W. 22nd-century BC works (2 C, 1 P) Pages in category "22nd century BC"
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