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Can alloy 321 be hardened?
How do you harden alloy 321?
What is alloy 321 H (UNS S 32109)?
What is alloy 321?
Hardening is the process by which heat treatments are employed to harden an alloy. Hardenability is the capability of an alloy to be hardened by heat treatment. There are several hardening treatments. Quench Hardening. For ferrous alloys, quench hardening is an austenite-forming (austenitizing) heat treatment, followed by cooling at a rate such ...
Almost any metal or alloy can be softened by annealing after cold working, but fewer alloy systems can be strengthened or hardened by heat treatment. Metallurgists often use the term heat treatable alloys in reference to alloys that can be hardened by heat treatment.
- Phase Diagrams
- Solution Treating and Aging
- Attaining Maximum Hardness
A partial copper–beryllium phase diagram is presented in Fig. 5. This diagram can be interpreted in much the same manner as the aluminum–copper system in Fig. 3. Figure 5only shows beryllium contents up to 10%. The remainder of the phase diagram is not included because there are no commercial copper-based alloys in use with beryllium content above ...
In considering heat treatment, the shape of the hardness versus aging time curves for alloys with varying amounts of beryllium should be considered. Figure 6 shows the aging curves for several copper–beryllium alloys containing from 0.77 to 4.0% Be. These alloys were all solution treated at 1470 °F (800 °C) and aged at 660 °F (350 °C) for various l...
As the beryllium content is increased up to 2.39%, the time required to reach the maximum hardness decreases. Thus, aging for 36 h does not allow time enough to produce maximum hardness in a 1.32% Be alloy. With 1.82% Be, however, the maximum hardness occurs after approximately 5 h. With 2.39% Be or more, the maximum hardness occurs after only 1 h....
- Howard E. Boyer
- 2013
Metallic alloys can all be work hardened but specifically steel-alloys can also be hardened through heat treatment. The harden-ability of a steel-alloy is dependent on its carbon or other alloys content. The higher percentage carbon alloys can achieve a greater degree of hardness.
Properties: Annealed. Ultimate Tensile Strength: 75 KSI min (515 MPa min) Yield Strength (0.2% Offset): 30 KSI min (250 MPa min) Elongation: 40% min Hardness: Rb 95 max. Properties Tempered. can be cold rolled to achieve the temper properties required by specific customers and/or manufacturing requirements. Contact Ulbrich Wire for details.
Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening or particle hardening, is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels, stainless steels, and duplex stainless steel.
Alloy 321 cannot be hardened by heat treatment, only by cold working. It can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices. Common Applications. Aerospace – piston engine manifolds; Chemical Processing; Expansion Joints; Food Processing – equipment and storage; Petroleum Refining – polythionic acid service
