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- 5.1 Forces. Dynamics is the study of how forces affect the motion of objects, whereas kinematics simply describes the way objects move. Force is a push or pull that can be defined in terms of various standards, and it is a vector that has both magnitude and direction.
- 5.2 Newton's First Law. According to Newton’s first law, there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur.
- 5.3 Newton's Second Law. An external force acts on a system from outside the system, as opposed to internal forces, which act between components within the system.
- 5.4 Mass and Weight. Mass is the quantity of matter in a substance. The weight of an object is the net force on a falling object, or its gravitational force.
Projectile motion is the motion of an object thrown (projected) into the air when, after the initial force that launches the object, air resistance is negligible and the only other force that object experiences is the force of gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory.
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- Introduction to Classical Mechanics (PDF)
- Units, Dimensional Analysis, Problem Solving, and Estimation (PDF - 4.5 MB)
- Vectors (PDF - 4.4 MB)
- One Dimensional Kinematics (PDF - 3.2 MB)
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: Describe motion in different reference frames. Define distance and displacement, and distinguish between the two. Solve problems involving distance and displacement. Section Key Terms. Defining Motion.
- The Spectrum of Mechanics
- Types of Motion
- The Physics
- Moving Words
The general study of the relationships between motion, forces, and energy is called mechanics. It is a large field and its study is essential to the understanding of physics, which is why these chapters appear first. Mechanics can be divided into sub-disciplines by combining and recombining its different aspects. Some of these are given special nam...
Motion may be divided into three basic types — translational, rotational, and oscillatory. The sections on mechanics in this book are basically arranged in that order. The fourth type of motion — random — is dealt with in another bookI wrote. Translational motion 1. Motion that results in a change of location is said to be translational. This categ...
Physics
1. Physics is the study of the fundamental nature of all things. 2. Prior to the Renaissance, the most significant works in mechanics were those written in the 4th century BCE by the Greek philosopher Aristotle of Stagira (384–322 BCE) — these were Mechanics, On the Heavens, and The Nature or in Greek Μηχανικά (Mekhanika), Περί ουρανού (peri uranu), and Φυσικῆς ἀκροάσεως (Fysikes akroasis). Although the first section of every general physics textbook is about mechanics, Aristotle's Mechanics...
mechanics, dynamics, statics, kinematics
The words mechanics, dynamics, statics, and kinematics are used throughout this book and heavily in the first third. Each refers to a discipline or branch of physics, thus the common suffix -ics. Each word can also be changed from a noun to an adjective. This gives us words like dynamic, static, kinematic, mechanical, dynamical, and physical. We can also make adverbs like dynamically and physically. Here are the relevant nouns, each followed by brief definition and a semi-long-winded story ab...
energetics
This organizational scheme is incomplete as far as I'm concerned. It's missing one key concept, possibly the most important concept in all of mechanics, possibly in all of physics, possibly in all of science — energy. Because energy arose as a concept after this scheme was created, a name was never assigned to the branch of mechanicsdealing with energy. There is a word energetics, but it doesn't seem to be popular in general physics textbooks. The equivalent concept in general physics is call...
kinetics
Here's an oddball word that I don't know how to handle. Kinetics 1. In mechanics, it's an obsolete and redundant word that means the same thing as dynamics. Kinetics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the effect that forces have on motion. The adjectival form kinetic persists in mechanics in the terms kinetic friction and kinetic energy; and in thermodynamics in the terms kinetic theory of heat, kinetic theory of gases, and kinetic molecular theory. 2. In chemistry, it's a word that c...
velocity = speed + direction of motion Things that have both a magnitude and a direction are called vectors. More on vectors in Ch.3. For 1D motion (motion along a straight line, like on an air track), we can represent the direction of motion with a +/– sign. + = going right .
CHAPTER 3: Linear motion Practice questions - text book pages 64 - 65 1) Define what is meant by a scalar and a vector quantity. 2 marks Answer: • A vector has size (or value or magnitude). • And direction. For example, force. velocity, acceleration, weight. • A scalar has size or magnitude only (no direction).
