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Nov 22, 2022 · A map illustrating the dynamic borders in Europe following the Congress of Vienna (held between September 1814 and June 1815) aiming to balance power between the nations victorious over Napoleon: Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria, and Prussia.
Mar 5, 2024 · Europe in 1815 after the Congress of Vienna. View Full-Size Image. A map illustrating the dynamic borders in Europe following the Congress of Vienna (held between September 1814 and June 1815) aiming to balance power between the nations victorious over Napoleon: Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria, and Prussia.
- Graphic Designer
While this caused economic distress to the British economy and fomented internal discontent, it rebounded on Napoleon; the British counter-blockaded and used their naval superiority to prevent US ships from delivering goods to the continent.
- The End of The War
- Establishing A Political Balance
- The Most Important Players
- Contradicting Goals
- Restauration
- The Result
- Aftermath
After the fall of Napoleon in the spring of 1814, the First Paris Peace ended the war between the powers of the Sixth Coalition and the French government, the restored Bourbon monarchy under Louis XVIII. According to Article 32 of this Peace Treaty, a Congress was to meet in Vienna to decide on a permanent European post-war order. All states involv...
First, the congress’ political outcome was very little due to the amount of entertainment the statesmen were encountered with. But then, several commissions were established to deal with the various issues, starting with groups for German, for French and for European problems. Meetings were not always as delightful as the many dances and dinners th...
Metternich’s most important opponent was Tsar Alexander I. In addition, the British envoy Castlereagh and the representative of the defeated France, Talleyrand, who had considerable influence under both the old and the new French regime, played the most important roles. Prussia was represented by Karl August von Hardenberg and Wilhelm von Humboldt ...
Realizing these ideas however meant collisions of different political goals of single countries. Klemens Wenzel von Metternich preferred a central European power led by Austria while Russia aimed to receive a great part of Poland’s territorial. Britain in contrast tried to decrease Russia’s power in Europe and the French aimed to prevent a Prussian...
The Congress worked according to five overriding principles, some of which are, however, the subsequent construction of historians. In this context, the concept of legitimacy refers to the liquidation of the Napoleonic state system and the restoration of the old dynasties (Bourbons, Guelphs, etc.). When Talleyrand, of all people, emphasised the pri...
The congress resulted in several territorial rearrangements. Austria’s overall growth was only little while Prussia gained the northern part of Saxony but lost parts from Poland. Switzerland received Basel and several areas around Geneva, but had to give up its hopes on Veltlin, Chiavenna and Bormio. France’s biggest success during the meetings was...
The Congress of Vienna had taken forward-looking decisions for the circumstances of the time, especially at the supranational level. Thus, under British pressure, the outlawing of slavery was enforced in Article 118 of the Congress Act. In addition, an agreement was reached on the freedom of international river navigation and a Central Commission f...
These developments radically changed Europe’s map, eliminating two traditional vacuums of power that had been dominated by a welter of smaller states. Nationalism was triumphant in central Europe.
The economic background. The century’s economic expansion owed much to powerful changes that were already under way by 1500. At that time, Europe comprised only between one-third and one-half the population it had possessed about 1300.
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The “1929 crisis” began in the United States with the stock market crash on Thursday, October 24th – “black Thursday.” This crisis plunged the American economy, then the world economy into a severe and complex economic depression: bank defaults and market devaluation, unemployment and despair.
