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Ur-Nungal of Uruk was the sixth Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk (c. 26th century BC), according to the Sumerian King List, which also claims he ruled 30 years. Both the Sumerian King List and the Tummal Chronicle state he was the son of Gilgamesh, but only the Sumerian King List records he was the father of Udul-kalama. References
Trade with many regions outside Mesopotamia was already flourishing by the start of the third millennium BC, notably with the Hatti in Anatolia. The first documented king of Uruk founded his own dynasty in Eanna, which only became part of Uruk during his son's reign.
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Mar 31, 2015 · If this was a throne name, (s)he was stating a claim of power over Ur rather than Daddy Gilgamesh's city or its rival Kish. The King List and Tummal Inscription both record hegemony passing from the First Dynasty of Uruk (Enmerkar-Lugalbanda-Dumuzi-Gilgamesh-UrNungal) to a First Dynasty of Ur. What role Ur-Nungal had in that change we can only ...
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Nungal was the daughter of Ereshkigal, Queen of the Underworld, and so was associated with the afterlife but also, as daughter-in-law of the sky god Enlil (who maintained order), with justice. Her consort, Birtum, was an underworld god, also linked with justice, whose name translates as "shackle". She is also referenced, symbolically, as a "daughte...
The following is taken from The Literature of Ancient Sumer, translated by Jeremy Black et al., and from The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, translated by the same. Ellipses indicate missing words or lines, and question marks suggest an alternate translation of a word.
As noted, the Hymn to Nungalwas included as part of the curriculum of the scribal schools, was probably recited at festivals, and is thought to have encouraged compliance with the law through fear of the punishments that awaited transgressors. Jeremy Black comments: At the same time, the poem provided hope of forgiveness for those who erred in igno...
- Joshua J. Mark
Uruk, today known as Warka, was a city in the ancient Near East situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates River on the dried-up ancient channel of the Euphrates. The site lies 93 kilometers (58 miles) northwest of ancient Ur, 108 kilometers (67 miles) southeast of ancient Nippur, and 24 kilometers (15 miles) southeast of ancient Larsa.
For thousands of years, southern Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) was home to hunters, fishers, and farmers, exploiting fertile soil, rivers, and abundant animals. By around 3200 B.C., the largest settlement in southern Mesopotamia, if not the world, was Uruk: a true city dominated by monumental mud-brick buildings decorated with mosaics of painted ...
The lamentation type of composition that bewails the suffering and anguish of the people of Sumer and its cities, was originated and developed by the poets following the destruction of Ur by the Su-people:and the Elamites, climaxed by the carrying pff into captivity of Ibbi-Sin, the last, pathetic ruler of the Third Dynasty of Ur.
