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Spoken and written Vietnamese today uses the Latin script-based Vietnamese alphabet to represent native Vietnamese words ( thuần Việt ), Vietnamese words which are of Chinese origin ( Hán-Việt, or Sino-Vietnamese), and other foreign loanwords.
It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages [6] originally developed by Portuguese missionary Francisco de Pina (1585–1625). [1] The Vietnamese alphabet contains 29 letters, including seven letters using four diacritics: ă , â , ê , ô , ơ , ư , and đ . There are an additional five diacritics used to designate tone (as in à ...
Vietnamese alphabet and pronunciation. Notes. The letters "F", "J", "W" and "Z" are not part of the Vietnamese alphabet, but are used in foreign loan words. "W" (vê-đúp)" is sometimes used in place of "Ư" in abbreviations. In informal writing, "W", "F", and "J" are sometimes used as shorthands for "QU", "PH" and "GI" respectively.
Quoc-ngu was devised in the mid 17th century by Portuguese missionaries who modified the Roman alphabet with accents and signs to suit the particular consonants, vowels, and tones of Vietnamese. It was further modified by a French missionary, Alexandre de Rhodes.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Vietnamese alphabet created by Portuguese Jesuit missionaries, with the earliest known usage occurring in the 17th century, replaced chữ Nôm as the preferred way to record Vietnamese literature from the 1920s.
Vietnamese alphabet is mostly Latin-based and quite close to the English alphabet. Vowels (consonants) clusters are formed by 2 or 3 consecutive vowels (consonants). Vietnamese words follow the structure: 1 optional consonant/consonant cluster + 1 compulsory Vowel/Vowel Cluster + 1 optional consonant/consonant cluster.
Chữ-nôm script. Vietnam was ruled by the Chinese for over a thousand years from 111 BC - 938 AD. As a result, the official written language was Classical Chinese, known as Chữ-nho (𡨸儒) in Vietnamese, which continued to be used in Vietnam, in parallel with Chữ-nôm (𡨸喃) and Quốc Ngữ, until about 1918.
