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Jan 9, 2024 · In this article, we will delve into the intriguing history as well as fascinating evolution of independent cinema, its needs & struggles, and trace its roots, important moments, and the massive impact it has had on the entire cinematic landscape.
In an industry with a growing number of franchises and superhero movies, independent films offer a breath of fresh air to audiences seeking something different.
Filmmaking itself is in the process of moving into and out from the online world, where film companies are now scouting for new talent. The indie world may be captured by the studio machine, but the spirit of independent filmmaking remains.
- Introduction
- Before Cinema
- Technological Origins
- The Emergence of Cinema
- The Quality Race
- The Decline and Fall of The European Film Industry
- Market Shares by National Film Industries, U.S., Britain, France, 1893-1930
- The Rise of Hollywood
- The Coming of Sound
- The Economics of The Interwar Film Trade
Like other major innovations such as the automobile, electricity, chemicals and the airplane, cinema emerged in most Western countries at the same time. As the first form of industrialized mass-entertainment, it was all-pervasive. From the 1910s onwards, each year billions of cinema-tickets were sold and consumers who did not regularly visit the ci...
In the late eighteenth century most consumers enjoyed their entertainment in an informal, haphazard and often non-commercial way. When making a trip they could suddenly meet a roadside entertainer, and their villages were often visited by traveling showmen, clowns and troubadours. Seasonal fairs attracted a large variety of musicians, magicians, da...
In the early 1890s, Thomas Edison introduced the kinematograph, which enabled the shooting of films and their play-back in slot-coin machines for individual viewing. In the mid-1890s, the Lumière brothers added projection to the invention and started to play films in theater-like settings. Cinema reconfigured different technologies that all were av...
For about the first ten years of its existence, cinema in the United States and elsewhere was mainly a trick and a gadget. Before 1896 the coin-operated Kinematograph of Edison was present at fairs and in entertainment venues. Spectators had to throw a coin in the machine and peek through glasses to see the film. The first projections, from 1896 on...
Once Nickelodeons and other types of cinemas were established, the industry entered a new stage with the emergence of the feature film. Before 1915, cinemagoers saw a succession of many different films, each between one and fifteen minutes, of varying genres such as cartoons, newsreels, comedies, travelogues, sports films, ‘gymnastics’ pictures and...
Because the quality race happened when Europe was at war, European companies could not participate in the escalation of quality (and production costs) discussed above. This does not mean all of them were in crisis. Many made high profits during the war from newsreels, other short films, propaganda films and distribution. They also were able to part...
Note: EU/US is the share of European companies on the U.S. market, EU/UK is the share of European companies on the British market, and so on. For further details see Bakker 2005.
Once they had lost out, it was difficult for European companies to catch up. First of all, since the sharply rising film production costs were fixed and sunk, market size was becoming of essential importance as it affected the amount of money that could be spent on a film. Exactly at this crucial moment, the European film market disintegrated, firs...
In 1927, sound films were introduced. The main innovator was Warner Brothers, backed by the bank Goldman, Sachs, which actually parachuted a vice-president to Warner. Although many other sound systems had been tried and marketed from the 1900s onwards, the electrical microphone, invented at Bell labs in the mid-1920s, sharply increased the quality ...
Because film production costs were mainly fixed and sunk, international sales or distribution were important, because these were additional sales without much additional cost to the producer; the film itself had already been made. Films had special characteristics that necessitated international sales. Because they essentially were copyrights rathe...
Jan 1, 2023 · The history of film timeline covering every major era of film history, from its beginnings in 1895 to the present day and everything in between.
Mar 19, 2024 · In this article, I’ll share what makes independent cinema so special — you’ll understand the power behind its visual storytelling techniques, explore how it has evolved over time, be inspired by great indie film examples, and be able to use these insights to craft your own unforgettable stories!
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May 13, 2024 · history of film, history of cinema, a popular form of mass media, from the 19th century to the present. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Early years, 1830–1910
