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Lightweight cryptography. Lightweight cryptography (LWC) concerns cryptographic algorithms developed for a strictly constrained environment. The growth of Internet of Things (IoT) has spiked research into the development of lightweight algorithms that are better suited for the environment.
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Thus, the goal of lightweight cryptography is to use less computing power, less memory or less power while providing some sense of security. From a software point of view, lightweight devices may be bound by memory size, processor speed and latency. In terms of hardware, lightweight devices may be bound by area, throughput and power consumption.
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- FIPS 140
- Key Operations
- Hash Functions
- Mac Algorithms
- Block Ciphers
- Stream Ciphers
- Hardware-Assisted Support
This table denotes, if a cryptography library provides the technical requisites for FIPS 140, and the status of their FIPS 140 certification (according to NIST's CMVP search, modules in process list and implementation under test list).
Key operations include key generation algorithms, key exchange agreements, and public key cryptography standards.
Comparison of supported cryptographic hash functions. Here hash functions are defined as taking an arbitrary length message and producing a fixed size output that is virtually impossible to use for recreating the original message.
Comparison of implementations of message authentication code(MAC) algorithms. A MAC is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message—in other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed in transit (its integrity).
Table compares implementations of block ciphers. Block ciphers are defined as being deterministic and operating on a set number of bits (termed a block) using a symmetric key. Each block cipher can be broken up into the possible key sizes and block cipher modes it can be run with.
The table below shows the support of various stream ciphers. Stream ciphers are defined as using plain text digits that are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream. Stream ciphers are typically faster than block ciphers and may have lower hardware complexity, but may be more susceptible to attacks.
These tables compare the ability to use hardware enhanced cryptography. By using the assistance of specific hardware, the library can achieve greater speeds and/or improved security than otherwise.
Jan 15, 2021 · Lightweight cryptography aims to deploy cryptographic algorithms in resource-constrained devices such as embedded systems, RFID devices and sensor networks.
- Aleksandra Mileva, Vesna Dimitrova, Orhun Kara, Miodrag J. Mihaljević
- 2021
The Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (also known as LEA) is a 128-bit block cipher developed by South Korea in 2013 to provide confidentiality in high-speed environments such as big data and cloud computing, as well as lightweight environments such as IoT devices and mobile devices.
This report provides an overview of lightweight cryptography, summarizes the findings of NIST’s lightweight cryptography project, and outlines NIST’s plans for the standardization of lightweight algorithms. In particular, NIST has decided to create a portfolio of lightweight algorithms through
the chosen method that will be published as NIST’s lightweight cryptography standard later in 2023. In this article we provide a comparison between these methods in terms of energy efficiency, time for encryption and time for hashing. Index Terms—Light-weight cryptography, NIST I. INTRODUCTION While AES and SHA work well together within ...
