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Mar 12, 2024 · How it spreads. Most people get malaria when bitten by an infective mosquito carrying the malaria parasite. Only female Anopheles mosquitoes can spread malaria from one person to another. For the Anopheles mosquito to become infective, they must bite, or take a blood meal, from a person already infected with the malaria parasites.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates. [6] [7] [3] Human malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. [1] [8] In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. [1] [9] Symptoms usually begin 10 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected Anopheles ...
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Signs and symptoms of malaria may include:
•Fever
•Chills
•General feeling of discomfort
•Headache
•Nausea and vomiting
Talk to your doctor if you experience a fever while living in or after traveling to a high-risk malaria region. If you have severe symptoms, seek emergency medical attention.
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Mosquito transmission cycle Malaria transmission cycle
Malaria spreads when a mosquito becomes infected with the disease after biting an infected person, and the infected mosquito then bites a noninfected person. The malaria parasites enter that person's bloodstream and travel to the liver. When the parasites mature, they leave the liver and infect red blood cells.
Other modes of transmission
Because the parasites that cause malaria affect red blood cells, people can also catch malaria from exposure to infected blood, including:
The greatest risk factor for developing malaria is to live in or to visit areas where the disease is common. These include the tropical and subtropical regions of:
•Sub-Saharan Africa
•South and Southeast Asia
•Pacific Islands
•Central America and northern South America
The degree of risk depends on local malaria control, seasonal changes in malaria rates and the precautions you take to prevent mosquito bites.
Malaria can be fatal, particularly when caused by the plasmodium species common in Africa. The World Health Organization estimates that about 94% of all malaria deaths occur in Africa — most commonly in children under the age of 5.
Malaria deaths are usually related to one or more serious complications, including:
•Cerebral malaria. If parasite-filled blood cells block small blood vessels to your brain (cerebral malaria), swelling of your brain or brain damage may occur. Cerebral malaria may cause seizures and coma.
•Breathing problems. Accumulated fluid in your lungs (pulmonary edema) can make it difficult to breathe.
•Organ failure. Malaria can damage the kidneys or liver or cause the spleen to rupture. Any of these conditions can be life-threatening.
•Anemia. Malaria may result in not having enough red blood cells for an adequate supply of oxygen to your body's tissues (anemia).
If you live in or are traveling to an area where malaria is common, take steps to avoid mosquito bites. Mosquitoes are most active between dusk and dawn. To protect yourself from mosquito bites, you should:
•Cover your skin. Wear pants and long-sleeved shirts. Tuck in your shirt, and tuck pant legs into socks.
•Apply insect repellent to skin. Use an insect repellent registered with the Environmental Protection Agency on any exposed skin. These include repellents that contain DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE), para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) or 2-undecanone. Do not use a spray directly on your face. Do not use products with oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) on children under age 3.
•Apply repellent to clothing. Sprays containing permethrin are safe to apply to clothing.
•Malaria in the US: A Mayo Clinic expert offers insight, tips on prevention
Dec 4, 2023 · Malaria is a life-threatening disease spread to humans by some types of mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries. It is preventable and curable. The infection is caused by a parasite and does not spread from person to person. Symptoms can be mild or life-threatening.
Learn More. About Malaria. Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite that infects a certain type of mosquito. Symptoms of Malaria. Malaria symptoms range from very mild to severe disease and even death. Preventing Malaria While Traveling. Avoiding mosquito bites and taking appropriate medications is the best way to prevent malaria.
May 18, 2022 · Overview. What is malaria? Malaria is a serious disease that spreads when you’re bitten by a mosquito infected by tiny parasites. When it bites, the mosquito injects malaria parasites into your bloodstream. Malaria is caused by the parasites, not by a virus or by a type of bacterium.
Key points. Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite that infects a certain type of mosquito. Most people get malaria from the bite of an infective mosquito. Malaria can be a deadly disease if not diagnosed and treated quickly. Starting treatment as soon as possible can often prevent severe illness and death.
