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While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959 in an article by journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, and popularized by a 1978 work written by political scientist Maurice Duverger, both of whom intended to describe the ...
Constitutional monarchy with a ceremonial monarch. Parliamentary republic with a ceremonial president. Parliamentary republic with an executive president. Presidential system: Head of government (president) is popularly elected and independent of the legislature. Presidential republic.
Jun 13, 2017 · In previous studies, the performance of the semi-presidential subtypes has been assessed in isolation from parliamentary and presidential regimes. Footnote 47 We set out to investigate the performance of semi-presidential regimes from a broader comparative perspective, including also parliamentary and presidential regimes. Recall our hypotheses ...
- Thomas Sedelius, Jonas Linde
- 2018
Mar 27, 2019 · Semi-Presidentialism: Sub-Types and Democratic Performance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. This study is one of the more extensive cross-country examinations of political outcomes in premier-presidential and president-parliamentary regimes. In line with theoretical expectations, Elgie’s findings confirm that president-parliamentary ...
Semi-presidential regimes can be viewed as a hybrid, sitting between parliamentary and presidential regimes. Even though they are ill defined, it is possible to can make some general observations. Basically, in semi-presidential regimes power is divided between the prime minister and the president, with both executives having political power.
The constitution was approved by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 25, 1935, and ratified by popular vote on May 14, 1935. On September 16, 1935, presidential elections were held. Candidates included former president Emilio Aguinaldo, Philippine Independent Church leader Gregorio Aglipay, and others.
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Jul 26, 2017 · The second pair consists of two hybrids that combine one parliamentary with one presidential feature. ‘Assembly-independent government’ (Shugart & Carey 1992: 26) describes a system in which the executive is voted into office by the assembly but, once in office, cannot be dismissed in a no-confidence vote.
