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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are spread mainly by sexual contact. STIs are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. A sexually transmitted infection may pass from person to person in blood, semen, or vaginal and other bodily fluids.
Sometimes sexually transmitted infections are spread in ways other than sexual contact. For example, STIs can spread to infants during pregnancy or childbirth. STIs also can spread through blood transfusions or shared needles....
When to seek medical or mental health expertAlways seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding your health. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on the community.STDs can have a range of symptoms, including no symptoms. That's why sexually transmitted infections may go unnoticed until a person has complications or a partner is diagnosed.
STI symptoms might include:
- Sores or bumps on the genitals or in the oral or rectal area.
- Painful or burning urination.
- Discharge from the penis.
- Unusual or odorous vaginal discharge....
Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by:
- Bacteria. Gonorrhea, syphilis and chlamydia are examples of STDs that are caused by bacteria.
- Parasites. Trichomoniasis is an STD caused by a parasite.
- Viruses. STDs caused by viruses include human papillomavirus (HPV), the herpes simplex virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS.
STDs may be treated in different ways based on the causes. Sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria are generally easier to treat. STI infections caused by viruses can be managed and treated but not always cured.
If you are pregnant and have an STD, getting treatment right away can prevent or lower the risk of your baby becoming infected.
Treatment for sexually transmitted infections usually consists of one of the following, depending on the infection:...
There are many ways to avoid or lower your risk of getting an STD.
- Avoid sex or sexual activity. The most effective way to avoid STDs is to not have sex.
- Stay with one uninfected partner. Staying in a long-term relationship in which both people have sex only with each other and neither partner is infected can be one way to avoid an STD.
- Wait and test. Avoid vaginal and anal sex or sexual activit...
For informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
© Mayo Clinic
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