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May 29, 2023 · Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an exaggerated defense response of the body to a noxious stressor (infection, trauma, surgery, acute inflammation, ischemia or reperfusion, or malignancy, to name a few) to localize and then eliminate the endogenous or exogenous source of the insult.
- Rebanta K. Chakraborty, Bracken Burns
- 2023/05/29
- 2019
- Overview
- Symptoms and Causes
- Diagnosis and Tests
- Management and Treatment
- Prevention
- Outlook / Prognosis
SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) is a life-threatening medical emergency caused by your body’s overwhelming response to a stressor. This could be things like an infection, trauma or a worsening health condition. SIRS requires prompt treatment in a hospital.
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OverviewSymptoms and CausesDiagnosis and TestsManagement and TreatmentPreventionOutlook / Prognosis
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What are the symptoms of SIRS?
Several conditions can cause SIRS, and it can affect many different areas of your body. Because of this, SIRS has a wide variety of symptoms. They may include: Redness and swelling (edema) in the affected parts of your body. Intense pain. Loss of function of parts of your body. Intense fatigue. Fast heart rate (tachycardia). Abnormal breathing. Fever or hypothermia (low body temperature). Shaking or chills. Warm or clammy/sweaty skin. Skin rash. Confusion, agitation or other mental changes. Loss of consciousness. If you have these symptoms, call 911 or get to the nearest emergency room as soon as possible. SIRS is a medical emergency. Advertisement
What causes SIRS?
SIRS happens when your body’s immune system has an exaggerated response to a stressor. While your body normally uses inflammation to help you, this response is extreme, and the inflammation causes serious harm. Several conditions and situations can trigger SIRS, some of which include: Acute (sudden and severe) aspiration (when food, liquid or other material enters your airway and lungs). Acute end-organ ischemia (lack of blood flow to an organ). Acute pancreatitis. An adverse reaction to a medication. Bacterial infection. Blood cancers (hematologic malignancy), like leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Burns. Erythema multiforme. Lack of blood flow to your intestines and gastrointestinal perforation. Nonmedical substance use and overdose. Sudden worsening of vasculitis. Toxic shock syndrome. Trauma and surgery-related trauma. Viral flu-like conditions. Wide-spread fungal infections in people who have weak immune systems (immunosuppressed).
How is SIRS diagnosed?
As SIRS is life-threatening, healthcare providers rely on the following to make a quick diagnosis: Physical exam, including checking vital signs. Your symptoms. Your medical history. The possible cause of SIRS (if known). These strategies are usually enough for providers to suspect SIRS and start treatment right away. They’ll also order several tests to check your health and try to determine the cause of SIRS if they don’t already know it. These tests may include: Blood tests, like basic metabolic panel, complete blood count (CBC), lactic acid test, liver function tests and kidney function tests. Blood oxygen level. Urinalysis. Bacteria culture test. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans.
How is SIRS treated?
The management of SIRS involves treating the main cause and treatment that aims to prevent organ failure (multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, or MODS). The treatment largely depends on the underlying cause but may include: IV fluids to maintain blood flow to your organs and prevent your blood pressure from dropping too low. Antibiotics (if you have a bacterial infection). Vasopressor medications to reach healthy blood pressure. Corticosteroids to prevent or reverse shock. IV insulin to manage blood sugar levels (if necessary). Surgery, such as for draining a wound infection, removing damaged tissue or exploratory surgery. If organ failures occur, you’ll need other treatments such as dialysis for kidney failure or mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. Care at Cleveland Clinic Find a Primary Care Provider Schedule an Appointment
Can I prevent SIRS?
Steps you can take to try to prevent SIRS, include: Regularly practicing good hygiene, including handwashing, to try to prevent viral infections. Keeping cuts and other wounds clean while they heal. Keeping up to date on recommended vaccines. Getting routine medical care for chronic conditions. Seeing your healthcare provider if symptoms of existing conditions or illnesses get worse. Getting medical attention immediately if you have a serious injury or suspect an infection.
What is the prognosis for SIRS?
The prognosis (outlook) for SIRS varies based on: How quickly you receive a diagnosis and treatment. The underlying cause of SIRS. If you have risk factors for SIRS, like a weakened immune system. With prompt treatment, many people with SIRS recover completely and return to leading normal lives. Up to 7% of people with SIRS die from the syndrome. The mortality rates for sepsis specifically are: 1.3% for sepsis. 9.2% for severe sepsis. 28% for septic shock. Due to the risk of death, it’s important to get medical care as soon as you experience symptoms of SIRS.
Dec 27, 2023 · Summary. Chronic inflammatory diseases include those that affect the digestive system, joints, skin, respiratory system, and organs. The causes are thought to be a faulty immune response, which may be associated with certain triggers. Treatment may be with NSAIDs, DMARDs, and lifestyle modifications.
Causes. Impact on the body. Diagnosis. Treatment. The impact of diet. The bottom line. You may be able to manage chronic inflammation with medication and diet changes. Some foods, including...
- Lana Barhum
- Low Back Pain. Conditions like ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-AxSpA) are known for causing chronic inflammation that attacks the spine.
- Skin Symptoms. Skin symptoms, especially rashes, are common in a variety of autoimmune diseases known for causing systemic (all-over) inflammation. Inflammatory skin conditions like psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis develop when the immune system triggers inflammation that attacks skin cells.
- Swollen Lymph Nodes. The medical term for swollen lymph nodes is lymphadenitis. There are about 600 lymph nodes in your body, but the only ones you can feel are located in the neck, under the armpits, and in the groin area.4 Lymph nodes will swell up as a warning sign something is going on with your immune system.
- Excess Mucus Production. If you are always needing to clear your throat or blow your nose, this is another sign of inflammation. Mucus is produced by the lower airways in response to inflammation.5
Apr 1, 2020 · Mayo Clinic rheumatologists have expertise in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of blood vessels (vasculitis) and systemic autoimmune connective tissue diseases (for examples, lupus, scleroderma). Availability of some services may vary among Mayo Clinic locations.
Jan 25, 2023 · Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.
