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This is a timeline of Chinese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in China and its dynasties. To read about the background to these events, see History of China .
The Second Amendment ( Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms. It was ratified on December 15, 1791, along with nine other articles of the Bill of Rights. [1] [2] [3] In District of Columbia v.
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Historical surveys of the Second Amendment often trace its roots, at least in part, through the English Bill of Rights of 1689, 1. which declared that “subjects, which are protestants, may have arms for their defence suitable to their condition, and as allowed by law.” 2.
- Background
- Proposal and Ratification
- Application
- See Also
- References
- External Links
In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of black former slaves freed by the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation and the 1865 Thirteenth Amendment, the latter of which had formally abolished slavery. Following the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment by Congress, however...
Proposal
Anticipating an increase in Democratic membership in the following Congress, Republicans used the lame-duck session of the 40th United States Congress to pass an amendment protecting black suffrage. Representative John Bingham, the primary author of the Fourteenth Amendment, pushed for a wide-ranging ban on suffrage limitations, but a broader proposal banning voter restriction on the basis of "race, color, nativity, property, education, or religious beliefs" was rejected. A proposal to specif...
Ratification
Though many of the original proposals for the amendment had been moderated by negotiations in committee, the final draft nonetheless faced significant hurdles in being ratified by three-fourths of the states. Historian William Gillette wrote of the process, "it was hard going and the outcome was uncertain until the very end." One source of opposition to the proposed amendment was the women's suffrage movement, which before and during the Civil War had made common cause with the abolitionist m...
In the year of the 150th anniversary of the Fifteenth Amendment Columbia University history professor and historian Eric Foner said about the Fifteenth Amendment as well as its history during the Reconstruction eraand Post-Reconstruction era:
Informational notes Citations Bibliography 1. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-203586-8. 2. Gillette, William (1965). The Right to Vote: Politics and the Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment. Johns Hopkins Press. ISBN 9780608067032. 3. Goldman, Robert Michael (2001). A Free B...
Media related to Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitutionat Wikimedia Commons 1. Fifteenth Amendment and related resources at the Library of Congress 2. CRS Annotated Constitution: Fifteenth Amendment
For much of its early history, the Second Amendment went largely unscrutinized by the Supreme Court. The few nineteenth century cases implicating the Second Amendment established for a time that the Amendment was a bar to federal, but not state, government action,1 Footnote United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1875); Presser v.
The origins of the Second Amendment can be traced to ancient Roman and Florentine times, but its English origins developed in the late 16th century when Queen Elizabeth I instituted a national militia in which individuals of all classes were required by law to take part to defend the realm.
Footnotes Jump to essay-1 See William Rawle, A View of the Constitution of the United States of America 126 (1829) (In England, a country which boasts so much of its freedom, the right was secured to protestant subjects only, on the revolution of 1688; and it is cautiously described to be that of bearing arms for the ir defence, ‘suitable to the ir conditions, and as allowed by law.’
