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What is the difference between transcription and translation?
What is transcription in biology?
What are the processes of transcription and translation?
What is the goal of transcription?
May 11, 2023 · Learn the difference between transcription and translation, the two processes of gene expression in biology. Transcription involves the synthesis of RNA from DNA, while translation converts RNA into proteins.
- Localization
- Factors
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
- End Product
- Post Process Modification
- Antibiotics
- Methods to Measure and Detect
- References
In prokaryotesboth transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm due to the absence of nucleus. In eukaryote transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in ribosomes present on the rough endoplasmic membrane in the cytoplasm.
Transcription is performed by RNA polymerase and other associated proteins termed as transcription factors. It can be inducible as seen in the spatio-temporal regulation of developmental genes or consitutive as seen in case of house keeping genes like Gapdh. Translation is performed by a multi-subunit structure called ribosome which consists of rRN...
Transcription initiates with RNA polymerase binding to the promoter region in the DNA. The transcription factors and RNA polymerase binding to the promoter forms a transcription initiation complex. The promoter consists of a core region like the TATA box where the complex binds. It is in this stage that RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA. Translation i...
During transcription, the RNA polymerase after the initial abortive attempts traverses the template strand of DNA in 3’ to 5’ direction, producing a complementaryRNA strand in 5’ to 3’ direction. As the RNA polymerase advances the DNA strand that has been transcribed rewinds to form a double helix. During translation the incoming aminoacyl t-RNA bi...
Transcription termination in prokaryotes can either be Rho-independent, where a GC rich hairpin loop is formed or Rho-dependent, where a protein factor Rho destabilizes the DNA-RNA interaction. In eukaryotes when a termination sequence is encountered the RNA nascent transcript is released and it is poly-adenylated. In translation when the ribosome ...
The end product of transcription is an RNA transcript which can form any of the following types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and non-coding RNA (like microRNA). Usually in prokaryotes the mRNA formed is polycistronic and in eukaryotes it is monocistronic. The end product of translation is a polypeptide chain which folds and undergoes post translational...
During post transcriptional modification in eukaryotes, a 5’ cap, a 3’ poly tail is added and introns are spliced out. In prokaryotes this process is absent. A number of post-translational modifications occur including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, disulfide bridges formation, farnesylation etc.
Transcription is inhibited by rifampicin (antibacterial) and 8-Hydroxyquinoline(antifungal). Translation is inhibited by anisomycin, cycloheximide, chloramphenicol, tetracyclin, streptomycin, erythromycin and puromycin.
For Transcription, RT-PCR, DNA microarray, In-situ hybridization, Northern blot, RNA-Seq is quite often used for measurement and detection.For Translation, western blotting, immunoblotting, enzymeassay, Protein sequencing, Metabolic labeling, proteomics is used for measurement and detection. Crick’s central dogma: DNA ---> Transcription ---> RNA --...
Internet-Based Tools for Teaching Transcription and Translation - National Human Genome Research InstituteTranslation: DNA to mRNA to Protein - NatureAug 31, 2020 · Learn how DNA is transcribed into RNA and how RNA is translated into proteins. Compare the processes of transcription and translation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
This web page explains how cells use DNA, RNA, and ribosomes to synthesize proteins. It covers the basics of DNA replication, transcription, and translation, as well as the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Learn how DNA is copied to RNA and RNA to protein in cells, and the roles of RNA polymerases, transcription factors, and tRNAs. Explore the structure and function of genes, mRNA, and the genetic code.
Learn how cells use mRNA to build proteins from amino acids. Find out the roles of tRNAs, ribosomes, and the genetic code in translation.
Learn how transcription copies the DNA sequence of a gene to make an RNA molecule, and how it differs from translation. Explore the stages, enzymes, and modifications of transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes.
