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• Numeric SPN Codes • Alphabetic SPN Codes • Army RE Codes • Air Force RE Codes • Navy/Marine/Coast Guard RE Codes Hidden on practically every veteran’s DD-214 discharge papers are secret code letters and numbers called Separation Program Numbers (SPN numbers) that might make obtaining veterans benefits difficult if not impossible.
210 – Separation for failure to demonstrate adequate potential for promotion. 212 – Honorable wartime service subsequent to desertion. 213 – Discharge for retirement as an officer. 214 – To accept commission as an officer in the Army, or to accept recall to active duty as an Army Reserve officer.
Jan 22, 2023 · There are several theories about the origin of the name Hispania, some of them are the following: Phoenician hypothesis: This is the most accepted theory. According to this theory, the term Hispania comes from “i-spn-ya,” used since the 2nd century B.C. This term means “Island of the rabbits.”.
- inigo@sensationalspain.com
- August 13, 1989
- 2 min
- The Society of Automotive Engineers
- J1708 – The First Standard
- The Introduction of Mid, PID, Sid, & FMI
- Message Identifiers
- Parameter Identifiers
- Failure Mode Identifiers
- Subsystem Identifiers
- Proprietary Pids and Sids
- J1939 – Goodbye J1708!
- Diagnostic Trouble Codes & How It All Relates
Without making this too complicated, the short version is this: commercial trucks started to go away from mechanical systems to electronic systems in the early 1990s. When the first generations of these trucks started to come on the market, each truck maker was using their own special plugs and their own proprietary tools. This is where the Cummins...
In the early to mid-1990s is when we first saw the standard 6-pin plug placed in commercial trucks. This would be used for the next 10-15 years, and we now saw computerized diagnostic tools enter the market. This was great because instead of having to purchase tools that only dealers could have, hardware and software were made available to the gene...
Now that a standard had been set for both the physical connections and the software language, the manufacturers need a logical way to read and display this data. This is where we first saw this new system. If you have ever used some diagnostic software or a generic code reader, these acronyms will look familiar. Here is how they work.
The MID tells which system it is coming from. Each component on a truck (Engine, transmission, ABS, etc…) all have a MID that is used. There are hundreds of MIDs that are defined, but only a handful are commonly used. Here are the most common ones: 1. MID 128 = Engine 2. MID 130 = Transmission Control Unit 3. MID 136 = Anti-lock Brakes (ABS) 4. MID...
Parameters Identifiers, or PIDs, are numbers and names used to identify data being displayed. So think if PIDs in terms of “readings” such as oil temperature, coolant level, miles driven, engine RPMs, and so on. PID is a J1708 term and PIDs go from 0 to 511. The entire PID list can be downloaded by filling out the form at the top of the page. It is...
Now that we have defined MID (The component) and PID (types of data), we can talk about Failure Mode Identifiers (FMI). Every diagnostic trouble code (DTC) that you find will have an FMI. This code is set by the ECM detecting a variety of problems, such as too much voltage, not enough voltage, resistance is incorrect, and so on. So here is the list...
Now that we understand that a MID is a component, such as an engine, it can be further broken down into subsystems. Each subsystem has its own set of SIDs. For example, MID 128 (Engine) could have SID 6 for Injector number 6. However, SID 6 on a Mid 136 (Transmission) is for the C6 Solenoid Valve. We have compiled a PDF that contains all the SIDs f...
Some manufacturers, mainly Volvo & Mack, decided that they needed to add their own PIDs and SIDs to the mix. We call this Proprietary PID and Proprietary SID, or PPID and PSID for short. While we do not have a list of these, it is important to know what they are.
Before we can move much further, everyone needs to understand the relationship between J1708 and J1939. Basically, J1708 worked great, but it was quickly becoming obsolete. This is because manufacturers started adding more sensors, needs to collect more data, and everything was getting more complex. This is where J1939 steps in, and around the mid-...
So now that we understand the basics of how trucks read & display code information, we can take it one step further and explain how it all related to diagnostic trouble codes. Almost all equipment manufacturers (Also called OEMs) take all of these acronyms we just discussed and then translate them to a flash code. This is where a lot of customers r...
FMI numbers remain the same regardless of which SPN they are attached to. For example, an FMI of 4 indicated low voltage while an FMI of 3 indicates high voltage. If any sensor receives low voltage due to a bad connection or any other reason it will have an FMI of 4. Failure Mode Indicators are helpful in that they identify what the issue is.
What does it all mean? When you’re reading a fault code the first thing you will see is a set of letters and numbers. The letters you will see are SA, SPN, and FMI. SA stands for S ource A ddress which tells you which computer is seeing the fault, for example SA 0 is from the engine computer or SA 3 is from the transmission computer.
The origin of the word Spain is Phoenician and dates from the second millennium BC. Its meaning has several hypotheses. The word Spain comes from the Phoenician « i-spn-ya », a term whose use is documented from the second millennium BC, in Ugaritic inscriptions.
