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  1. The IARC Monographs identify environmental factors that are carcinogenic hazards to humans. These include chemicals, complex mixtures, occupational exposures, physical agents, biological agents, and lifestyle factors.

  2. The IARC Monographs identify the preventable causes of human cancer. These include chemicals, physical and biological agents, pharmaceuticals, complex mixtures, occupational exposures, and other exposures of everyday life (e.g. lifestyle factors). National and international health agencies can use this information as scientific support for their actions to prevent exposure to potential ...

    • Abstract
    • Motivation and Process For Preamble Revision
    • Key Changes in The Revised Preamble
    • Funding
    • Notes

    For nearly 50 years, the Monographs program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has been a premier global resource for identifying agents that can cause cancer. The identification of carcinogenic hazards is a necessary initial step in cancer prevention. National and international authorities and organizations use information o...

    Since 2006, substantial growth has occurred in the scientific understanding of factors contributing to carcinogenicity as well as in the development of methods for information gathering, evidence assessment, and integration. In 2018, the IARC convened an “Advisory Group to Recommend an Update to the Preamble,” with broad expertise across multiple d...

    General Procedures

    The advisory group encouraged the IARC to clarify the purpose and scope of the Monographs evaluations. In this regard, the name of the Monographs series has been changed to the IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. This change, although semantic in nature, reflects the important distinction between hazard and risk: Hazard refers to the strength of the evidence that an agent is a carcinogen, whereas risk refers to the probability that a given exposure to a ca...

    Scientific Review and Evaluation

    The revised Preamble defines how the principles of systematic review (eg, formal consideration of quality of the studies, such as design and methodology, and the reporting of results that are tailored to each stream of evidence and the types of studies available) apply to IARC assessments and how evaluations are reached to clearly articulate the rationales for expert judgments. At the same time, it is designed to be flexible enough to enable incorporation of further scientific advances as the...

    This work was supported by the German Ministry of Health and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

    The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Food and Drug Administration, the US Environmental Protection Agency, or the US National Institute of Environmental...

    • Jonathan M Samet, Weihsueh A Chiu, Vincent Cogliano, Jennifer Jinot, David Kriebel, Ruth M Lunn, Fre...
    • 2020
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  4. Feb 24, 2015 · The terms probably carcinogenic and possibly carcinogenic have no quantitative significance and are used simply as descriptors of different levels of evidence of human carcinogenicity, with probably carcinogenic signifying a higher level of evidence than possibly carcinogenic.

    • Neil Pearce, Aaron Blair, Paolo Vineis, Wolfgang Ahrens, Aage Andersen, Josep M. Anto, Bruce K. Arms...
    • 2015
  5. In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans and to produce monographs on individual chemicals. The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in some occupations and as a result of human habits ...

    • 1992
  6. Dec 1, 2023 · Carcinogenic to humans: 128 agents: Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans 95 agents: Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans: 323 agents: Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans: 500 agents

  7. Jun 16, 2023 · IARC Monographs hazard classification. This infographic presents the categories used by the IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans to classify a substance according to the level of certainty that the substance can cause cancer.