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- Job humbly admits his narrow thinking that led him to accuse God of injustice. Job does not have sufficient knowledge to comprehend or pass judgment on God’s reasoning. But even without full knowledge of how God orders the universe, he can still choose to trust God’s wisdom and good character.
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The Book of Job is not primarily about one man’s suffering and pain; Job’s problem is not so much financial or social or medical; his central problem is theological. Job must deal with the fact that in his life, God does not act the way he always thought God would and should act.
Job is most emphatically a believer, a worshiper, a man who fears God and turns from evil (1:1, 8; 2:3). He suffers because he is a worshiper; this is the logic of chapters 1 and 2. So the Book of Job is about undeserved suffering, the trials of a man who belongs to God and trusts God.
Job is the central character in the book of Job in the Hebrew Bible. The book\'s anonymous author portrays Job as a morally good non-Israelite from the land of Uz who experiences tremendous suffering. Learn more about Job’s story by watching these videos. Job Wisdom Series Video; Job Overview video
- The author does not specify when the story takes place. However, historians and biblical scholars estimate that the author wrote it between the 7th...
- Many of us have experienced or witnessed misery and wondered how God can be just when there is so much pain in the world he created. How can God’s...
- The book of Job points to a God who is always acting with goodness and justice, including the times when people are experiencing or causing pain. A...
- Job realizes that he does not have sufficient knowledge to understand or pass judgment on God’s reasoning. Even without full knowledge of how God o...
- Job loses everything—his property, his children, and his health—and he believes God is the one causing his suffering. Seeing nothing in his past th...
- The anonymous author does not overtly explain why Job praises God during his suffering, but a few details in the story offer clues. When everything...
- At the end of the book, God shows up in a whirlwind to respond to Job’s accusations. He guides Job on a virtual tour of the universe and asks him s...
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- Abbreviations Used in These Notes
- Theme
- Main characters
- Observations about the manner of speaking in the book
- The hardships caused by such suffering
- 1:18,19 – Then all Job’s children were slain.
- Eliphaz’ First Speech (cont.)
- 5:4,5 – The family of the evil man also suffers.
- 6:1-3 – Job exclaimed again over the weight of his calamity.
- 6:19-21 – The brook provides no good for travelers.
- 7:3-5 – Job’s nights were troublesome and his flesh diseased.
- 7:11,12 – Job refused to keep quiet about his anguish.
- 7:13,14 – Job’s dreams at night terrified him.
- 7:17,18 – Job asks why God had chosen to so test him.
- 7:19-21 – Job continued to question God about his suffering. He asked, if he had sinned, why did God not forgive him?
- 8:5-7 – Job would prosper if he would be pure and upright.
- 9:7-9 – Job described God’s wonders in the heavens and the sea.
- 9:32-35 – Job sought someone to mediate between God and himself.
- 12:1-3 – Job affirmed that he was as wise as the friends.
- 12:6 – Job affirmed that sinners often do prosper.
- 12:13-15 – Ultimate wisdom and power are found in God.
- 12:24,25 – Compared to God, the wisest men wander in darkness.
- 13:14-16 – Despite his suffering, Job yet trusted God to save him.
- 14:11-13 – Job compared death to a dried up river or sea.
- 14:14,15 – Job asked if there is life after death.
- 14:16,17 – Job hoped God would cover his sins.
- Chapter 15 – Eliphaz’ Second Speech
- 15:1-3 – Eliphaz claimed Job was like the wind blowing.
- 15:14-16 – Eliphaz claimed that no one is pure in God’s eyes.
- 15:34,35 – So Eliphaz summarized the troubles of hypocrites.
- Chapter 18 – Bildad’s Second Speech
- 18:8-10 – The wicked man falls into a trap.
- 18:11-13 – The wicked suffers fears, weakness, and disease.
- Chapter 19 – Job’s Response to Bildad
- 19:23,24 – Job wanted his words written in a book or on a rock.
- 19:25-27 – Job expressed confidence that he would see God.
- 20:16-18 – The wicked would not enjoy the fruit of his efforts.
- 21:4-6 – Job asked them to consider his case and be astonished.
- 21:27,28 – Job claimed that the friends’ arguments did him wrong.
- Chapter 22 – Eliphaz’ Third Speech
- 26:1-3 – Job questioned the usefulness of the friends’ speeches.
- 27:1 – Job continued speaking.
- 27:2-4 – Job repeated his conviction that he had spoken truth.
- 28:16-19 – Wisdom is of greater value than any precious gem.
- Chapter 30 – Job Describes His Suffering.
- 30:6-8 – These people were vile and the scourge of society.
- 30:9-11 – Such people now treated Job as an outcast.
- Chapter 31 – Job Concludes by Again Affirming His Innocence
- 31:1-4 – Job controlled his desires because God knows our deeds.
- 32:21,22 – He intended to speak without partiality or flattery.
- 34:1-3 – Elihu called on wise men to test his words.
- 34:29,30 – God also gives quietness that none can change.
- 34:31-33 – Can a man determine the circumstances of God’s reactions to his sins?
- Chap 35 – Elihu’s Speech Continued
- Chapter 36 – Elihu’s Speech Continued
- 36:22-26 – Since God is so exalted, who can teach Him or convict Him of wrong?
- Chapter 37 – Elihu’s Speech Concluded
- 37:4-6 – God sends the snow and rain, as well as the thunder.
- 37:11-13 – God sends precipitation for His purposes.
- 37:14-16 – Elihu asked if Job understood the works of God.
- Valid points
- Weaknesses or errors
- 38:22-24 – God then asked Job about snow, hail, and wind.
- 38:39-41 – God then asked if Job could provide food for animals.
- 39:19-25 – Did Job give strength to the horse that is mighty and valiant in battle?
- 39:26-30 – Did Job give the hawks and eagles their ability to see sharply and fly swiftly?
- 40:1,2 – God rebuked Job for contending with Him.
- 40:15-18 – God appealed to behemoth as proof of His power.
- 40:19-24 – The behemoth lies in shade and is not afraid. Who can capture him?
- 41:18-21 – Light, smoke, and fire come from his nose and mouth.
- Yet what did God tell Job about the reason why he had suffered?
- Applications of the lesson God taught Job
- What is the answer to people who have such issues and criticisms?
- Illustration of the rug maker
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Notes to the Reader To save space and for other reasons, I have chosen not to include the Bible text in these notes (please use your Bible to follow along). When I do quote a Scripture, I generally quote the New King James Version, unless otherwise indicated. Often – especially when I do not use quotations marks – I am not quoting any translation b...
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ASV – American Standard Version b/c/v – book, chapter, and verse ESV – English Standard Version f – the following verse ff – the following verses KJV – King James Version NASB – New American Standard Bible NEB – New English Bible NIV – New International Version NKJV – New King James Version RSV – Revised Standard Version
The issue of suffering is used to demonstrate the authority of God in His universe. Does God have the right to control events according to His will, and should we trust Him to do right even when it does not make sense to us?
Job and his friends (Eliphaz, Bildad, Zophar, and Elihu)
Not only do the speeches of the friends and even of Job contain both truth and error, but their speeches are highly poetic. Perhaps they spoke this way at the time, or perhaps the author reworded the meaning of their speeches into poetic form, like poets often do today (if so, of course, he did so by inspiration, so the results accurately express t...
We know from the context that Satan intended Job to turn against God because of the loss of these material possessions. When we lose what we value, we may tend to blame God. Some may think God Himself has caused the harm, though we know from the context that this was not the case. Others may think that, if they serve God, then God ought to reward t...
The final messenger, who likewise arrived as the previous messenger was still speaking, brought news that Job’s children had all been slain. They were feasting at the home of the older brother, when a great wind struck the house (like a tornado). The house collapsed, killing all of Job’s children at the same time. Only the messenger escaped to brin...
5:1-3 – Eliphaz claimed men die and are cursed because they are foolish and guilty of sin. Eliphaz continued his speech begun in chapter 4. He asked Job who would answer if he called out. To what holy one could he turn? The point is not obvious. Eliphaz seems to be implying that no one on God’s side would agree with Job or defend his view. No holy ...
Eliphaz continued describing the curse on the foolish man who does not serve God. He said that his children will suffer too. They are far removed from safety or from one who would deliver them. They are crushed in the gate. Official business and civil judgments were often rendered in those days at the gates of the city, where people met with city o...
Job responded to Eliphaz’ speech by describing again the depth of his hardship. He stated he had been so oppressed that, if his grief and calamity could be weighed on a scale, it would outweigh the sand of the sea. He continued to emphasize the terrible burden he has experienced. He does acknowledge that his speech has been rash. It could be that h...
Job here applied his illustration of the brook. Caravans and travelers would arrive looking and hoping to find water in the brook. But their confidence would be misplaced and their hopes would be disappointed. They would be confused, not finding the help they needed from the brook. This was how Job felt regarding his friends. They were of no help a...
Job described his life as months of futility or vain emptiness. His nights were wearisome. When he lay down at night, he would hope for the night to end so the day would come. He tossed until dawn, because of his suffering. Imagine trying to lie down to sleep, when one’s body is covered with sores! He described his flesh as caked with dust and worm...
Because of all that he was suffering, Job said he would not restrain himself from speaking about it. He felt anguish and bitterness that compelled him to complain. He thought he had a right to complain. He asked if he needed to have a guard watch him as if he were a sea or a sea serpent. The meaning is hard for me to understand. Perhaps his point i...
Job had earlier stated that, at night, he tossed and turned hoping for day to come (verse 4). In these verses he said that, during the day, he hoped for the night, thinking he may be more comfortable in bed. But then when he lay down, he had terrifying dreams and visions. He blamed these on God, though of course they could have been the natural co...
Job asked what motivated God to view men as He does. Why choose one man to focus His trials on (this is the only sense I can make from “exalt” in this context – not exalt in the sense of honor, but choose one person from among others to focus on). So he asked why God would visit a man every day to bring trials and tests into his life. Of course, ...
He asked how long this would continue, and when he would get some relief. When would God look away: “go pick on someone else”? He felt like he did not even have time to swallow. This was an obvious exaggeration to make the point that the problems never let up. We today may say, “I didn’t have time to breathe!” It was just constant suffering with no...
Since Bildad assumed that Job and his family were suffering for their sin, then as Eliphaz had stated, the solution would be to turn and practice what is pure and upright. Seek God and pray earnestly to Him. If Job were upright before God, God would listen to him (awake to him) and prosper him properly in his dwelling place. The necessary implicati...
Job’s description of God’s greatness continued as he said that God would command the sun and it would not rise. He would seal off the stars – i.e., keep them from shining. He alone spreads out the heavens and treads on the waves of the sea. He made the constellations of the heavens and the chambers of the south (the context would indicate this may ...
Job knew God was not a man like himself, so he was convinced he would be unable to properly present his case before God, even if he were given a chance to face God as in a court hearing. One who thinks he has been wronged would seek a chance to prove his case before a fair judge. But Job was convinced that, as a mere man, he could never win a case ...
By this point in the discussion, all three friends had made their views known and Job could see the pattern. All had agreed that his suffering was the result of his sin, and all were determined to charge him with sin despite the fact that they had no proof other than his suffering. This, naturally, made him quite upset. He responded somewhat sarcas...
The friends argued that people suffer because of sin: Job was suffering, so it must be the result of his sins. Job knew that sometimes people suffer for sin. But he also knew that evil people sometimes prosper. Thieves, for example, may get away with their crimes for some time and prosper as a result. Even though their conduct was an affront or p...
Compared to the wisdom man may develop from age or experience, God has true wisdom and true power. Real understanding and wise guidance come from Him. This means, of course, that regardless of other sources of knowledge that men may appeal to, nothing they say or do should be accepted when it differs from God’s will. The three friends have cited al...
As in the previous verses, Job said that God will remove the understanding of even the wisest, most respected leaders of men. The result will be that, instead of appearing as men of wisdom, they will wander like men lost in a wilderness and grope like men in the dark with no light. He will make them stagger helplessly like one who is drunken. Again...
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Bible Commentaries. Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible (Complete) Job Intro. Job 1. Job 2. Job 3. Job 4. Job 5. Job 6. Job 7. Job 8. Job 9. Job 10. Job 11. Job 12. Job 13. Job 14. Job 15. Job 16. Job 17. Job 18. Job 19. Job 20. Job 21. Job 22. Job 23. Job 24. Job 25. Job 26. Job 27. Job 28. Job 29. Job 30. Job 31. Job 32. Job 33. Job 34.
This book of Job stands by itself, is not connected with any other, and is therefore to be considered alone. Many copies of the Hebrew Bible place it after the book of Psalms, and some after the Proverbs, which perhaps has given occasion to some learned men to imagine it to have been written by Isaiah or some of the later prophets.
Jun 2, 2008 · The lesson from the big book of Job is 1) that God is sovereign over all our suffering; 2) he permits Satan to come into our lives and do horrible things to us; 3) he means to prove our faith and purify our lives through it; 4) in the end he will make it good, either in this life or in the life to come; and 5) Satan does not have the last word i...
