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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain the element carbon. This is a wide ranging topic that overlaps with other sciences like biochemistry, medicine, and materials science. Organic chemists study the properties, structure, and chemical reactions of organic compounds. Why is carbon important?
- Structure and bonding. Dot structures: Structure and bonding Hybridization: Structure and bonding Bond-line structures: Structure and bonding. Electronegativity: Structure and bonding.
- Resonance and acid-base chemistry. Counting electrons: Resonance and acid-base chemistry Resonance structures: Resonance and acid-base chemistry Organic acid-base chemistry: Resonance and acid-base chemistry.
- Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups. Naming alkanes: Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups Naming alkanes, cycloalkanes, and bicyclic compounds: Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups Conformations of alkanes : Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups.
- Stereochemistry. Chirality : Stereochemistry Enantiomers: Stereochemistry Stereoisomeric relationships: Stereochemistry.
- History
- Hydrocarbons
- Reactions
- Common Reaction Mechanisms
- Stereochemistry
- Spectroscopy
- Images For Kids
The term organic originates from Jons Jacob Berzelius, a 19th century Swedish scientist, who used the term to refer to substances present in living things. During Berzelius’ time, the vital force theory was popular. This theory stated that a life force was needed to produce the organic compounds found only in living things. The vital force theory b...
The study of hydrocarbons is a very large part of organic chemistry. Hydrocarbons are molecules containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen in the form of chains. Hydrocarbons can be classified into two categories based on the presence of a benzenering, a circular type of hydrocarbon. Aliphatic hydrocarbons do not contain a benzene ring and ar...
Organic chemistry reactions happen because electrons are not shared evenly in a chemical bond. Some atoms or molecules, like oxygen, nitrogen, and negatively charged anions, are nucleophilic because they have extra electrons and want to be around positive charges. Others, such as H+ and other positively charged cations, are electrophilicand want to...
A reaction mechanism is a series of smaller reactions that form an overall reaction. Two basic mechanism types are substitution and elimination reactions. They are very important in the study of organic chemistry mechanisms because many more complicated mechanisms use them.
Stereochemistry is the study of molecules in space. It looks into the arrangement of atoms inside of molecules in space relative to one another and how they will interact. Molecules that have the same chemical make up but are arranged differently are called isomers. Famous chemist Louis Pasteurwas an early researcher of stereochemistry. A central p...
Spectroscopy is the study of the interactions between light energy and matter. We are able to see colors because of energy absorption by organic and inorganic compounds. When a plant undergoes photosynthesis, it traps energy from the sun, and this is an example of an interaction between energy and organic compounds. Spectroscopy is used to identify...
An example of an organometallic molecule, a catalyst called Grubbs' catalyst. Its formula is often given as RuCl2(PCy3)2(=CHPh), where the ball-and-stick model is based on X-ray crystallography. Th...This diagram shows 5 distinct structural representations of the organic compound butane. The left-most structure is a bond-line drawing where the hydrogen atoms are removed. The 2nd structure has t...A synthesis designed by E.J. Coreyfor oseltamivir (Tamiflu). This synthesis has 11 distinct reactions.Structural formulas show the covalent bonds that hold the atoms together, with a short bar for each bond. In such a formula, each bar represents a pair of electrons; usually each atom concerned contributes one of the electrons in the bond, as follows: Groups of atoms can also be combined by one or more covalent bonds.
Figure 25.1.1 25.1. 1: Stearic acid is composed of many carbon (black) and hydrogen (white) atoms, along with two oxygen (red) atoms. The related field of biochemistry overlaps to some extent with organic chemistry. Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of living systems. Many biochemical compounds are considered to be organic chemicals.
Jul 12, 2023 · The simplest class of organic compounds is the hydrocarbons, which consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen. Petroleum and natural gas are complex, naturally occurring mixtures of many different hydrocarbons that furnish raw materials for the chemical industry. The four major classes of hydrocarbons are the following: the alkanes, which contain ...
Topic 5: Organic Chemistry. Compare and contrast inorganic and organic chemistry. Identify the origins and major sources of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds. Describe the structural characteristics of carbon. Compare and contrast the molecular structures of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Name, draw, and construct structural models of ...
