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1. Top results related to what is the history of the piano 3f in c

   • What is the history of struct/class in C++?

     Top Answer

     Answered May 23, 2017 · 8 votes

     To ease development of polyglot headers.

     C and C++ are separate languages, but the C++ language is designed to provide a large useful common subset with the C language. Several commonly used constructions in the C++ language have the same meaning (or nearly so) as they have in the C language. In the case of struct, the C++ language defines it as syntactic sugar for class that approximates the behavior of a struct in the C language, namely that members are public by default. Thus a program or part thereof can be written in this common subset. This allows, for example, a library to provide a single header file that declares the same API to both programs written in the C language and programs written in the C++ language.

     Some differences between the C language and the C++ language are listed in a question that has since been closed as too broad. From the perspective of somebody programming in this common subset language, these differences can be treated as "implementation-defined behavior", where compilers for the C language produce one behavior and compilers for the C++ language produce the other.

     In fact, the C++ standard provides mechanisms to aid development of polyglot programs that are valid in both C and C++ languages. The extern "C"

     linkage specifier allows a program to be written partly in C and partly in C++. And the __cplusplus symbol is used in #ifdef __cplusplus

     conditions to conditionally enable macros, linkage specifiers, and other specifics that only one of the two languages is supposed to see.

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   • What is the proper octave value of Middle C (Piano), in MIDI representation?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jul 08, 2013 · 2 votes

     It's usually C3, but as Codeguy007 noted, it can vary from software to software. In my experience C3 is the most common value for middle C.

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     2/5

   • In c++ what is the importance in terms of performance of using 'else' in situations where it doesn't change the flow of the program?

     Top Answer

     Answered Sep 14, 2023 · 2 votes

     TL:DR: This probably makes no difference, and no easily-predictable difference

     CPUs run machine code, not C++ source. In machine code we only have "goto" (jumps) and if()goto conditional branches. This else doesn't make a difference to the actual program logic and thus you'd expect either version would compile to the same machine code. (And if it doesn't, the worse one is a missed-optimization compiler defect.)

     But source-code structure (such as hiding something behind an else vs. on the main path after an if) might or might not affect the compiler's heuristics for guessing which path is more often taken and thus laying out that as the fast path with fewer taken branches, in the absence of [[likely]] / [[unlikely]] decorators or profile-guided optimization info. Compilers have various heuristics for guessing whether to optimize for the case where an if is normally taken or normally not taken, e.g. looking at the condition and whether it's comparing a variable to a small or large number, especially if it has any value-range info on the variable being compared.

     See Ciro's answer showing the effect on branch layout. Note that this is unrelated to runtime branch prediction except on older CPUs where static prediction (forward-taken / backwards not-taken) is sometimes used when dynamic predictors are cold. With IT-TAGE predictors (at least in Intel since Haswell), that doesn't happen, they always predict something. Taken branches in machine code are a bit less efficient than fall-through (e.g. into an if body) because the front-end isn't just fetching contiguous code.

     But there's no direct or simple connection between source layout and machine-code layout; it's the compiler's job optimize branch layout, not just transliterate C into asm, so you're going to have to look at the asm (e.g. on https://godbolt.org/) if you want to know what the compiler did. See also How to remove "noise" from GCC/clang assembly output?

     If you're interested in micro-optimizations, see What considerations go into predicting latency for operations on modern superscalar processors and how can I calculate them by hand? and read up on details of recent CPUs, like Chips & Cheese's write-up of Zen 4. https://chipsandcheese.com/2022/11/05/amds-zen-4-part-1-frontend-and-execution-engine/ And older articles like David Kanter's excellent deep dives into Sandybridge and Haswell. Also links in https://stackoverflow.com/tags/x86/info such as Agner Fog's excellent microarchitecture guides: https://www.agner.org/optimize/

     For basics, see Modern Microprocessors A 90-Minute Guide!

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   • What is the meaning of the last letter "a", "b", or "s" in Azure DevOps' C:\agent\_work\1\a? Anyone know what that last letter stands for?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jun 01, 2020 · 24 votes

     Check out the predefined variables:

     \a likely stands for "artifacts"

     Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory - The local path on the agent where any artifacts are copied to before being pushed to their destination. For example: c:\agent_work\1\a

     \b likely stands for "binaries"

     Build.BinariesDirectory - The local path on the agent you can use as an output folder for compiled binaries. For example: c:\agent_work\1\b.

     \s likely stands for "sources"

     Build.Repository.LocalPath - The local path on the agent where your source code files are downloaded. For example: c:\agent_work\1\s. This variable is synonymous with Build.SourcesDirectory.

     On Hosted build agents "1" seems to be static, on a self hosted agent I have noticed this number is unique per pipeline.

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   • What is the purpose of the seed in the srand function in C?

     Top Answer

     Answered Aug 22, 2018 · 3 votes

     The purpose of srand and the seed passed to it is to give you control over the sequence generated by rand.

     srand initializes the data used by rand, so it determines what the sequence of numbers generated by rand is. You can use this to choose whether to generate a new sequence (one you have not generated previously) or to repeat an old sequence (one you generated previously).

     For example, suppose you have a simulation of some sort, and random numbers are desired to select some inputs to this simulation, such as when customers arrive or what particles enter the system. For this, you can simply use rand repeatedly to generate numbers. When the simulation is done, you might want to run it again to see how the simulation varies due to effectively random changes in its input. However, if you run the simulation program again, it will behave exactly the same way, because, if srand is not called, rand always produces exactly the same sequence.

     So, to generate a different sequence each time, a program may call srand and pass it a different seed. Often, the current time, as returned by the standard time routine, is used as a seed. However, any method of choosing a different value in different runs of the program will serve this purpose. (Note that time(NULL) commonly returns a number of seconds, so executing a program that uses srand(time(NULL)) twice in quick succession will result in the same sequence of numbers being used if both executions of the program start within the same second.)

     It does not matter which value is passed for the seed, just that it is different from other instances. The reason it does not matter is that a good random number generator uses complicated and well-designed functions to convert the seed into the state of the random number generator and to calculate the generated numbers, and this design makes it difficult for a choice of seed to have any deliberate effect on the generated numbers.

     On the other hand, sometimes you want to repeat a sequence. Perhaps one run of the simulation did something interesting, and you want to study it in more detail. Or you want to provide the program to colleagues along with all the data needed to reproduce your results. Or a program has a bug that only manifests sometimes, so you need to exactly repeat execution while debugging. In these cases, you would pass the same seed to srand in each execution in order to reproduce the same sequence of generated numbers.

     In programs where I use a varying seed, as with time(NULL), I have the program write the seed it is using to output, so that, if the user later desires to run with the same sequence, they can pass that seed to the program with a command-line switch (also built into the program) specifying to use that seed.

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2. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › In_CIn C - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org › wiki › In_C

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   In C. Riley's 1968 LP recording of In C as part of the CBS Records "Music of our Time" series. In C is a musical piece composed by Terry Riley in 1964 for an indefinite number of performers. He suggests "a group of about 35 is desired if possible but smaller or larger groups will work". [1] A series of short melodic fragments that can be ...

3. Videos

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     Piano evolution, history of keyboard instruments

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     The Evolution of Piano Music in C-major (1722-1921)

     Aug 27, 2020

     54.8K Views

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     16:28

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     How To Play Piano for Beginners, Lesson 4 || The Left Hand And The Scale Of C Major

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4. stackoverflow.com › questions › 28129598What does %3.1f do in C? - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com › questions › 28129598

   • Cached

   In your example: double f = 1.55568; printf("%10.12f",f); You say to print at maximum 12 digits after the period. Of course, the number has more digits than you wrote when assigning the value, because of its representation.

5. www.loc.gov › documents › In-C_Carl“In C”—Terry Riley (1968) - Library of Congress

   www.loc.gov › documents › In-C_Carl

   nighttime bus ride from work (playing piano at the Gold Street Saloon), and quickly sketched its structure once home--53 short modal modules. The piece works in the simplest manner. No matter many musicians there are, all begin by playing the first module together. There is a repeated octave C in the high register, which

6. www.youtube.com › watchThe Evolution of Piano Music in C-major (1722-1921) - YouTube

   www.youtube.com › watch

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   C major – the beginner’s key. There are many reasons why pianists first enter music through this particular collection of notes: for a start, the key of C ha...

   • Video Duration: 6 min
   • Views: 54.8K

   • Author: Frederick Viner

7. www.laphil.com › musicdb › piecesIn C, Terry Riley - LA Phil

   www.laphil.com › musicdb › pieces

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   Le sacre du printemps is an authentic example. So, I believe, is Terry Riley's In C. In C is tangentially influenced by rhythmically and melodically insistent passages in Satie and Cage, and Asian music. In C 's energy levels are on a par with little in classical music, though; they more nearly match those of rock and hard-driving jazz.

8. www.laphil.com › musicdb › piecesPiano Sonata No. 3 in C, Op. 2, Ludwig van Beethoven - LA Phil

   www.laphil.com › musicdb › pieces

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   The Sonata in C major, Op. 2, No. 3, is the most brilliantly virtuosic of the set, an expansive work that is almost a solo concerto in style and scope. The first movement is an Allegro very much con brio, in sonata form with a passage like a concerto cadenza in the recapitulation. The main thematic material is the sort of terse motives and ...

9. People also ask

   How does a piano piece work?

   • The piece works in the simplest manner. No matter many musicians there are, all begin by playing the first module together. There is a repeated octave C in the high register, which provides a rhythmic anchor for all the players, known as The Pulse (a solution that was discovered at the last minute in rehearsal).

   “In C”—Terry Riley (1968) - Library of Congress

   www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/In-C_Carl.pdf

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   When was in C first performed in the UK?

   • The first UK performance of In C was on 18 May 1968 at Royal Institute Galleries by the Music Now Ensemble directed by Cornelius Cardew as part of a series of four Music Now, Sounds of Discovery Concerts, during May 1968. The piece has been recorded a number of times:

   In C - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_C

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   How many songs are in C?

   • In C consists of 53 short numbered musical phrases, lasting from half a beat to 32 beats, and having from one note to twenty-five. Performers are expected to play the first phrase once in unison, after which each performer may repeat the phrase or move on to the next.

   In C - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_C

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10. www.classicfm.com › history-of-music-in-c-majorPianist plays the entire history of piano music, but it’s all ...

    www.classicfm.com › history-of-music-in-c-major

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    Sep 10, 2020 · The Evolution of Piano Music in C Major | Frederick Viner. Our pianist begins his chronological clavier journey in 1722 with Bach ’s prelude in C major (funny that). From there, we tour Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Louise Farrenc, Prokofiev, Stravinsky and many more besides, all composed in the same major key. The pianist says: “Watch out for ...