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- E. coli exhibits phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, colanic acid, flagella and type I fimbriae on the outer membrane which is a self-protective barrier and closely related to cellular morphology, growth, phenotypes and stress adaptation.
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Mar 20, 2021 · Structurally, E. coli exhibits OM proteins (Omps), phospholipids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exopolysaccharide (EPS), flagella and type I fimbriae on the OM with phospholipids in the periplasmic leaflet and LPS in the external leaflet, and various Omps populating this membrane (Fig. 1 ).
- Jianli Wang, Wenjian Ma, Xiaoyuan Wang
- 2021
- E. Coli Flagellin Variants
- Flagellar Type III Secretion System
- Flagella Affecting Bacterial Adhesion
- Flagella-Mediated Biofilm Formation
- Flagellin Induces Host pro-inflammatory Responses and Apoptosis
Based on considerable variability of E. coli flagellin in ultrastructure and 53 different H-antigens recognized, Lawn et al. grouped 50 different flagella H serotypes into six morphotypes (designated as type A to type F) (Lawn 1977; Lawn et al. 1977). Sequence analysis revealed that the flagellin proteins of E. coli and several other species (e.g.,...
Gram-negative bacteria utilize type III secretion systems (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins into the cytoplasm of infected host cells (Galan et al. 2014; Tosi et al. 2013). A T3SS is encoded by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), while a less studied E. coli type III secretion system 2 (ETT2) exists in the majori...
Bacteria utilize fimbrial surface structures to attach to host cells (Croxen et al. 2013; Fleckenstein et al. 2010). Recent reports also suggest that the flagella of some pathogenic E. coli also bind directly to host cells. Flagella-deficient strains of neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) associate with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (H...
Bacteria that form biofilms can be highly resistant to antibiotics and are capable of evading the host immune system (Yang et al. 2012). Biofilm formation is a complex process involving multiple cell surface proteins, such as fimbriae, autotransporters, and flagella (Allsopp et al. 2012; Hossain and Tsuyumu 2006; Ulett et al. 2007). We found a ∼50 ...
Innate immunity serves as an essential first-line defense against microbial pathogens. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) expressed on the surface of mammalian cells, recognizes bacterial flagellin and triggers a pro-inflammatory response (Hayashi et al. 2001; Vijay-Kumar and Gewirtz 2009). TLR5 interacts with the con...
- Mingxu Zhou, Yang Yang, Panlin Chen, Huijie Hu, Philip R. Hardwidge, Guoqiang Zhu
- 2015
Jul 26, 2022 · Flagella are the organelles of locomotion for most of the bacteria that are capable of motility. Two proteins in the flagellar motor, called MotA and MotB, form a proton channel through the cytoplasmic membrane and rotation of the flagellum is driven by a proton gradient.
This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding Escherichia coli flagellin variants and the role of flagella in bacterial functions other than motility, including the relationship between flagella and bacterial virulence. Keywords: Escherichia coli; Flagella; Pathogenicity; Virulence. Publication types. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
- Mingxu Zhou, Yang Yang, Panlin Chen, Huijie Hu, Philip R. Hardwidge, Guoqiang Zhu
- 2015
Oct 2, 2014 · Flagella are surface-associated appendages that propel bacteria and are involved in diverse functions such as chemotaxis, surface attachment, and host cell invasion. Flagella are incredibly complex macromolecular machines that are energetically costly to produce, assemble, and power.
- Devon M. Fitzgerald, Richard P. Bonocora, Joseph T. Wade
- 2014
Jul 14, 2019 · E. coli and Salmonella use flagella viewable from the cell exterior as a thin, long, helical filament ( Figure 1 a). On the other hand, the flagella of spirochetes reside within the periplasmic space, and so they are called periplasmic flagella [ 7 ].
Oct 29, 2020 · The flagella of Salmonella enterica (henceforth called Salmonella) and Escherichia coli possess the best-studied motors, consisting of the membrane/supramembrane (MS) ring, cytoplasmic (C) ring, peptidoglycan (P) ring, lipopolysaccharide (L) ring, rod, stator, and export apparatus.
