Search results
5 days ago · Russian Empire, historical empire founded on November 2 (October 22, Old Style), 1721, when the Russian Senate conferred the title of emperor (imperator) of all the Russias upon Peter I. The abdication of Nicholas II on March 15, 1917, marked the end of the empire and its ruling Romanov dynasty.
- Nicholas II
Russian Empire - Nicholas II, Autocracy, Reforms: The death...
- Nicholas I
Russian Empire - Autocracy, Reforms, Nicholas I: Nicholas...
- Alexander III
Russian Empire - Alexander III, Autocracy, Reforms:...
- Paul
Russian Empire - Tsar Paul, Reforms, Expansion: Catherine’s...
- Russification Policy
Russification policy. The policy of Russification of the...
- Alexander II
Russian Empire - Alexander II, Reforms, Autocracy: The...
- The Russian Empire
Foreign policy. At the beginning of the 19th century,...
- Government and society
From the late 1980s through 1991—the period of Mikhail...
- Nicholas II
The foundations of the Russian Empire was laid during Peter I's reforms, which significantly altered Russia's political and social structure, and as a result of the Great Northern War which strengthened Russia's standing on the world stage.
- Introduction↑
- The “Holy Alliance” The Zemgor↑
- Patriotic Alarm↑
- The Progressive Bloc↑
- The Socialists in 1914-1916↑
- The Attack on The Government↑
- The Parties After The February Revolution↑
- Conclusion↑
Russia was in political crisis on the eve of the First World War, with political parties in a state of organizational and ideological stagnation. This can be explained by the fact that Russian political parties did not represent particular social classes, but were essentially intelligentsia strongholds. The rightists and nationalists were deprived ...
With the beginning of the war, nationalists and moderate liberals experienced a “patriotic fervor.” In France, such a mood, along with the government’s unconditional support for war, became known as the “Holy Alliance” (l’Union Sacrée), and this idea was also actively exploited in Russia. The Octobrists hoped to re-establish contact with the govern...
In November 1914, the police arrested five Bolshevik Duma deputies who were then convicted for anti-war propaganda. This did not provoke an open response from the opposition. The Duma session in January 1915 proceeded calmly, but in March the Progressives, unhappy with the government’s policy of placing military orders abroad and legislation on pro...
With the fall of Warsaw in August 1915, the political crisis deepened. The Council of Ministers, headed by its informal leader, Krivoshein, attempted to reach agreement with parliament. Most of the Duma’s factions (excluding the rightists and socialists) and three groups in the State Council were interested in the creation of an inter-chamber allia...
The war’s outbreak led to a severe crisis and the paralysis of the Second International. The Mensheviks and the SRs split into a number of tendencies representing different degrees of “defensism” and internationalism. The internationalists tried to organize anti-war propaganda within Russia, but this was hampered by wartime censorship and the arres...
The aggravation of the domestic crisis, above all, problems with food, in the autumn of 1916 pushed the authorities to reach a new compromise with the opposition. The Deputy Chairman of the Duma and member of the Progressive Bloc, Aleksandr Dmitrievich Protopopov (1866-1918), was made Minister of Internal Affairs on 1 October 1916, but he was an un...
After the success of the February Revolution in Russia, the parties’ circumstances changed dramatically. Political freedoms were announced. The Revolution led to the resurgence of the left as a whole, from the Cadets to the Bolsheviks. The centrist and rightist parties, on the other hand, practically ceased to exist. The Black Hundreds were outlawe...
Russian parties, not only the radical ones, were considerably more active under revolutionary conditions than in periods of relative calm. The right-wing parties gradually lost governmental support, and with the increased anti-government mood in the country, the people’s trust. By the beginning of the revolution they had practically gone into oppos...
The political system had been thoroughly shaken by the events of the summer of 1915. Whatever faith in the government had survived until that date had disappeared. The Duma seethed, and the ministers who had sought a broad-based solution to the wartime crisis were marginalized or dismissed.
Apr 9, 2022 · Politics & History. Empire: The Russian Way. Russia’s rise as an imperial power was built on intercontinental expansion, and a mission of “civilizing, protecting and educating” the conquered. Episode of the Siege of Sebastopol During the Crimean War in 1855. via Wikimedia Commons. By: Matthew Wills. April 9, 2022. 4 minutes.
