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Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts. Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mind 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium.
- Industrialization Definition—What Is Industrialization?
- Preconditions For Industrialization
- Effects of Industrialization
- Reactions to Industrialization
Industrialization is the process of a society’s transition away from agrarianism and towards industry and manufacturing. Scientific discoveries and technological advancements led to the rise of modern industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The following factors made rapid industrialization possible: 1. Increased agricultural productio...
England was the first modern industrial economy for several reasons. England’s geographical position in the Atlantic Ocean gave it access to raw materials from around the globe as well as sea access to markets for its manufactured goods. It also had plentiful natural resources, such as rivers, coal, and iron ore; these provided energy to power fact...
Effects of Industrialization: Environment
The Industrial Revolution had significant, long-lasting impacts on the environment. Air and water pollution affected the health of people living in the rapidly growing urban areas. Entire landscapes were destroyed as humans cut down timber for railroad ties, stripped hills and mountains for ores, and denuded areas of vegetative cover for farming. This increase in deforestation exacerbated desertification in some areas and flooding and mudslides in others. The invention of dynamite in 1867 ope...
Effects of Industrialization: Financial Institutions
New financial systems also developed to support the new industrial production. More complex corporate structures, stock markets, and insurance enabled businessmen to raise the capital they needed to begin or expand production as well as to protect their investments from loss. Large businesses often had a global reach. Transnational corporations such as the United Fruit Company had operations that affected lives in North, Central, and South America. The ideals of laissez-faire capitalism that...
Effects of Industrialization: Impact on Gender, Family, and Social Structures
Industrialization greatly affected gender roles and families. It also radically altered the traditional social structures of the day. The family, which previously had been a self-sufficient economic unit, moved economic production outside the home. Working-class women and children entered the industrial workforce as low-paid factory laborers. A sharp distinction now existed between family life and work life. The status of men increased because industrial work and the wage were considered more...
As the nineteenth century progressed, the Industrial Revolution redefined both society and the economy, stirring new tensions. Enlightenment ideas and sentiments inspired many political movements. Some were revolutionary, while others were reformist. Their impact would be global.
The American Civil War (1861–1865) was the first truly industrial war in that factories mass-produced supplies and weapons for the war effort, troops were transported by rail, and the telegraph was used to send remarkably fast communications.
The period from 1750 to 1900 is often called an age of revolution. New political systems, industrialization, and societal changes all shaped our modern world.
State-led industrialization refers to a model of industrialization in which the government plays a leading role in promoting and directing industrial development. This model of industrialization was adopted by several countries during the period of 1750-1900.
A. A variety of factors led to the rise of industrial production. Geography - Europe’s location on the Atlantic, with its numerous harbors and ports, gave it access to natural resources and markets outside its borders.
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