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- Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1010 – 5 August 1063) was King of Gwynedd and Powys from 1039 and, after asserting his control over the entire country, claimed the title King of Wales from 1055 until his death in 1063.
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In 1255 Llywelyn seized Owain’s lands and set out to assert once again Gwynedd’s hegemony over Wales. Taking advantage of the conflict between King Henry III of England and his barons, Llywelyn proclaimed himself prince of Wales and received the homage of the other Welsh princes (1258).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Gruffudd recovered Gwynedd by 1095, and by 1098 Gruffudd allied with Cadwgan ap Bleddyn of the Mathrafal house of Powys, their traditional dynastic rivalry notwithstanding. Gruffudd and Cadwgan led the Welsh resistance to the Norman occupation in the north and mid-Wales.
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), Llywelyn II, also known as Llywelyn the Last ( Welsh: Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf, lit. 'Llywelyn, Our Last Leader'), was the prince of Gwynedd, and later was recognised as the prince of Wales (Latin: Princeps Walliae; Welsh: Tywysog Cymru) from 1258 until his death at Cilmeri in 1282.
Gruffudd fled to Ireland. In 1081 he returned and landed at Porth Clais in Dyfed, where he was joined by Rhys ap Tewdwr, another exile, who was laying claim to his patrimony in Deheubarth. They met Trahaearn at Mynydd Cam, where he was slain, Gruffudd thus becoming again king of Gwynedd.
Gruffudd regained Gwynedd, or at least most of it, in 1098. For the next 20 years, he was content to consolidate his gains and administer his kingdom. But in 1118 he began a series of systematic attacks upon the territories of Powys, gradually annexing lands beyond his borders.
Gruffudd first attempted to take over the rule of Gwynedd in 1075, following the death of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. Trahaearn ap Caradog had seized control of Gwynedd but had not yet firmly established himself.
May 25, 2024 · Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was born around 1223 as the second son of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr, the elder son of Llywelyn the Great who had dominated Wales in the early 13th century. In 1240, his uncle Dafydd ap Llywelyn seized power in Gwynedd, but his rule was troubled.
