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Angolan Civil War, October–December 1975. After the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon and the end of the Angolan War of Independence, the parties of the conflict signed the Alvor Accords on 15 January 1975.
Jul 15, 2009 · The Angolan Civil War, beginning at the time of the country’s independence from Portugal in 1975, was a 27-year struggle involving the deaths of over 500,000 soldiers and civilians. Initiated at the height of the Cold War, pro- and anti-communist forces in Angola set the stage for a proxy fight between the United States and the Union of ...
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On May 12, 1980, the SADF launched an attack on Cunene Province and was accused by the Angolan government of inflicting civilian casualties. Nine days later, the SADF again launched an attack, this time in Cuando-Cubango, incurring threats of military retaliation by the Angolan government.
The Angola crisis of 1974–1975 ultimately developed into a Cold War battleground as the superpowers and their allies delivered military assistance to their preferred clients. The map in Figure 118.1 also shows the location of the city of Huambo in central Angola, which became the headquarters of UNITA during the civil war.
The Last Hot Battle of the Cold War: South Africa vs. Cuba in the Angolan Civil War (Peter Polack, Casemate Publishers, Havertown, PA, 2013, 232 pp., photographs, appendices, notes, index, $32.95, hardcover) is the story of that battle. It centered on a town called Cuito Cuanavale, the name a holdover from the former Portuguese rulers of Angola.
The war formally came to an end in January 1975 when the Portuguese government, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) signed the Alvor Agreement.
When the war ended, an estimated 500,000 to 800,000 Angolans had been killed, hundreds of thousands maimed, and 4 million had lost their homes and livelihoods. The Angolan civil war, and especially the Soviet role, was a crucial factor leading South Africa to develop nuclear weapons in the 1980s.
