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Jan 27, 2011 · Young, Katherine. “Hinduism.”. In Women in World Religions. Edited by Arvind Sharma, 59–103. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987. Analyzes the cultural location of women in three phases of Hindu history: ancient, classical and medieval, and modern. Uses scriptural and textual sources as well as anthropological studies in the ...
- Introduction
- Location and Homeland
- Language
- Religion
- Rites of Passage
- Interpersonal Relations
- Living Conditions
- Family Life
- Clothing
- Food
The Hanuno'o are the best known of the various groups called "Mangyan" living in the interior of the island of Mindoro. To an even greater extent than other such outsider-given names, "Mangyan" covers a wide range of meanings. In the Tagalog, Bikol, and Visayan languages of the central Philippines, the term combines the ideas of "savage," "mountain...
The Hanuno'o live inland from the southernmost tip of Mindoro. In the 1970s, the Hanuno'o numbered 6,000 out of a total of 20-30,000 Mangyan, already a minority on an island inhabited by 300,000 Tagalog and Visayan settlers. One 2000 estimate numbers the Hanuno'o 13,000. According to the 2000 census, 7,702 identified themselves as Hanuno'o in Orien...
The Mangyan groups speak mutually unintelligible languages. The Hanuno'o language is similar to the Visayan tongues of the central Philippines. Along with the neighboring Buhid and the Tagbanua of central Palawan (seeTagbanua), they still use the script, ultimately of Indian origin, that was employed by the Tagalogs and other Filipino peoples at th...
The Hanuno'o recognize certain named deities of creation, but these play only a minor role in everyday life. Ordinarily more significant to them are nature spirits living in mountains, rocks, the forest, etc., who all can be transformed into labang, evil spirits who can attack a person's soul, causing illness or death. Benign spirits (such as ances...
Hanuno'o marry by mutual agreement of the two partners' families; the man must provide some form of bride-service to his in-laws. In contrast to non-Mangyan groups, there is no bride-price, formal ceremony, or exchange of goods between the sides. Elopement is an alternative. For a year after death, the right soul remains in the underworld, neither ...
The Hanuno'o live in autonomous, named settlements largely corresponding to a kin-group. Society is egalitarian with some prestige accorded to age and special skills, such as weaving, smithing, spirit mediation. Individuals and families possess wealth in the form of ritual glass beads, bronze gongs, porcelain jars, and cattle, but accumulated prope...
Villages are semipermanent, traditionally autonomous, and consist of five to six single-family houses (50-60 persons maximum). They are generally built on valley slopes or hill spurs overlooking a water source. The sites are identified by a geographical landmark, and the settlement itself by the name of its eldest resident. Settlements within an ho...
A family consists of a man, his wife or wives, and their unmarried offspring. This may be extended to form a local family group with married daughters, and their families usually live in adjacent houses. Such a group always respects its oldest male member. A single family may move away from the settlement but will always set up its residence near t...
Hanuno'o are noted for long hair, men as well as women. They weave and dye (indigo) their own clothing, which consists of short shirts and short sarongs.
Rice is the food of prestige and ritual importance, but half of all calories in the Hanuno'o diet comes from bananas and tubers (sweet potatoes, yams, and taro). Most animal protein comes from fishing, less from game or livestock.
Hindu texts present diverse views on the position of women, ranging from feminine leadership as the highest goddess, to limiting gender roles. The Devi Sukta hymn of Rigveda, a scripture of Hinduism, declares the feminine energy as the essence of the universe, the one who creates all matter and consciousness, the eternal and infinite, the ...
Sakti [shakti] means “power”; in Hindu philosophy and theology sakti is understood to be the active dimension of the godhead, the divine power that underlies the godhead’s ability to create the world and to display itself. Within the totality of the godhead, sakti is the complementary pole of the divine tendency toward quiescence and ...
Nov 6, 2020 · Image courtesy of Mayura Choudhari. Female Buddhist leadership. There are many female names in Buddhist history, such as the laywomen Amrapali and Sujata, or the bhikkhunis Khema and Nanda. They were all freethinking, independent women, irrespective of societal patriarchy and female norms.
A broader problem with the ‘nature’ argument—that women are inferior because of their nature—is that to suggest human nature is static and unchanging contravenes foundational Buddhist doctrine. A fundamental principle of Buddhism is the belief in the possibility for human transformation.
Dec 6, 2023 · Buddhism, in contrast to Hinduism, has a single founder and while there is no singular text there are texts that outline the teachings of the Buddha as the great and exemplary teacher. Buddhism was founded by one individual, Siddhartha Gautama , sometime in the 6th or 5th century B.C.E. Prince Siddhartha Gautama’s biography has very much ...
