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Apr 15, 2024 · Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, incident on April 13, 1919, in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in Amritsar, Punjab region, India, killing several hundred people and wounding many more. It marked a turning point in India’s modern history.
- Background
- General Dyer
- A Peaceful Crowd
- Reaction
- The End of An Empire
The British Raj (rule) of India had begun in 1858 after the British Crown and state took over the possessions of the British East India Company (EIC). The final act of the EIC had been to suppress the bloody Sepoy Mutiny of 1857-8. The acts of violence perpetrated by both sides in this rebellion against colonial rule made a deep impression, particu...
Brigadier-General Reginald Edward Harry Dyer (1864-1927) was an India-born career solider of Irish descent who had served in Persiaand was now back on duty in India. He was 55 in 1919 and nearing the end of his career. Dyer's decision-making had already been called into question in Persia when he had acted without orders in expanding British territ...
On the afternoon of 13 April, 15-20,000 Indian civilians gathered in the abandoned walled garden of Jallianwala Bagh, a space that, crucially, had only five narrow entrances. Many people were there to peacefully celebrate the Sikh Baisakh festival and visit its accompanying fair. Others were there to protest against the recent imprisonment of natio...
Many Britishers, from the lowest right up to the viceroy Lord Chelmsford, believed that O'Dwyer and Dyer had prevented the unrest in the Punjab spreading elsewhere and escalating to a situation which could not have been contained. There were, though, some voices of disapproval, and these steadily grew in volume, especially when the news blackout wh...
Indians remained outraged at the massacre. The celebrated Bengali author Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was so disgusted that he sent back his knighthood. Even some of the pro-British rulers of the independent princely states like the Raja of Nabha voiced their disapproval of Dyer's excessive use of force. The fantastic pension 'reward' for Dyer s...
- Mark Cartwright
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large, peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Baishakhi fair to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal.
On April 13, 1919, British troops opened fire on a peaceful protest in Amritsar, India, killing hundreds of unarmed civilians. This event is known as the Amritsar Massacre, and it was a turning point in Indian history. The massacre galvanised the Indian independence movement and helped to create a united front against British colonialism.
Mar 3, 2010 · On April 13, 1919, British and Gurkha troops fired on a crowd of thousands of Indian nationalists at Jallianwala Bagh, a city park in Amritsar. The massacre, also called the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, sparked a new phase of resistance against British colonial rule and inspired Gandhi's civil disobedience movement.
- Missy Sullivan
Learn about the brutal killing of hundreds of unarmed protesters by British troops in 1919, and its impact on Indian independence movement. Find out the background, the details, and the aftermath of this tragic event.
A massacre of unarmed Indian nationalists by British troops in 1919, sparked by the Rowlatt Act and the killing of Englishmen. Learn more about the causes, consequences, and context of this historical event from various reference sources.
