Search results
Mar 30, 2017 · Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted rubella (GERMAN MEASLES), usually in the first trimester. It was discovered in 1941 by Australian ophthalmologist Norman McAlister Gregg. The molecular basis for the causation of congenital rubella syndrome are not yet completely clear, but ...
Aug 8, 2023 · However, maternal infection during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause a fetal malformation syndrome called congenital rubella syndrome. Rubella, also known as German Measles, is a viral illness characterized by maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, and fever.
- Samarth Shukla, Nizar F. Maraqa
- 2023/08/08
- Disease Description
- Background
- Maintenance of Elimination
- Vaccination
- Case Definition
- Laboratory Testing
- Reporting and Case Notification
- Case Investigation
- Conducting Active Surveillance
- Prevent Transmission from Infants with CRS
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is an illness in infants that results from maternal infection with rubella virus during pregnancy. When rubella infection occurs during early pregnancy, serious consequences–such as miscarriages, stillbirths, and a constellation of severe birth defects in infants–can result. The risk of congenital infection and def...
The link between congenital cataracts and maternal rubella infection was first made in 1941 by an Australian ophthalmologist, Norman Gregg, who had noticed an unusual number of infants with cataracts following a rubella epidemic in 1940. In the absence of vaccination, rubella was an endemic disease with epidemics occurring every 6–9 years. If rubel...
The United States has established and achieved the goal of eliminating CRS and the indigenous transmission of rubella. As noted above, elimination of endemic rubella was documented and verified in the United States in 2004. However, because of international travel and countries without routine rubella vaccination, imported cases of rubella and CRS ...
For specific information on vaccination with rubella-containing vaccines, refer to the Pink Book, which provides general recommendations, including vaccine scheduling and use, immunization strategies for providers, vaccine contents, adverse events and reactions, vaccine storage and handling, and contraindications and precautions. Top of Page
Case definition for case classification
The following case definition for CRS was approved by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and published in 2009. Suspected:An infant who does not meet the criteria for a probable or confirmed case but who has one or more of the following findings: 1. cataracts, 2. congenital glaucoma, 3. congenital heart disease (most commonly patent ductus arteriosus or peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis), 4. hearing impairment, 5. pigmentary retinopathy, 6. purpura, 7. hepatosp...
Epidemiologic classification of internationally imported and US-acquired
Congenital rubella syndrome cases will be classified epidemiologically as internationally imported or US-acquired, according to the source of infection in the mother, using the definitions below, which parallel the classifications for rubella cases. Internationally imported case:To be classified as an internationally imported CRS case, the mother must have acquired rubella infection outside the United States, or in the absence of documented rubella infection, the mother was outside the United...
Diagnostic tests used to confirm CRS include serologic assays and detection of rubella virus. For detailed information and for specific information on specimen collection and shipment refer to Chapter 22, “Laboratory Support for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases.”
Case reporting within a jurisdiction
Each state and territory (jurisdiction) has regulations or laws governing the reporting of diseases and conditions of public health importance. These regulations and laws list the diseases to be reported and describe those persons or groups responsible for reporting, such as healthcare providers, hospitals, laboratories, schools, daycare and childcare facilities, and other institutions. Persons reporting should contact the jurisdiction/state health department for jurisdiction-specific reporti...
Case notification to CDC
Provisional notifications of CRS cases should be sent by the jurisdiction/state health department to CDC by e-mail: RubellaReport@cdc.gov. Notifications should be sent to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) using event code 10370. Reporting should not be delayed because of incomplete information or lack of laboratory confirmation; following completion of case investigations, data previously submitted to NNDSS should be updated with the available new information. The C...
Cases of US-acquired CRS are sentinel events indicating the presence of rubella infections in a community that may have been previously unrecognized. The diagnosis of a single case of US-acquired CRS in a community should result in intensified rubella and CRS surveillance and an investigation to determine where the mother was exposed to rubella. If...
Surveillance for CRS should be implemented when confirmed or probable rubella cases are documented in a setting where pregnant women might have been exposed. Women who contract rubella while pregnant should be monitored for birth outcome, and appropriate testing should be performed on the infant after birth. Healthcare providers should be advised t...
Cases of US-acquired rubella have occurred among susceptible persons providing care for infants with CRS. Because infants can shed the virus for prolonged periods (up to 1 year of age or longer), infants with CRS should be considered infectious until they are at least 1 year old or until 2 clinical specimens obtained 1 month apart are negative for ...
What are the ocular manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)?--Chorioretinitis--Cataracts--Cloudy cornea--Eye is small (microphthalmia)--Esotropia--Elevated IOP (glaucoma) Congenital Rubella Syndrome Three ‘Cs’ Three ‘Es’ What sort of cataract is associated with congenital rubella (ie, nuclear, PSC, polar, suture, etc)? Nuclear
Feb 21, 2024 · Overview. What is congenital rubella syndrome? Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) happens when a pregnant person becomes infected with rubella (German measles) and passes it on to the fetus. “Congenital” means “present at birth.” CRS causes a variety of issues during fetal development.
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) –CRS is a subcategory of CRI that refers to variable constellations of birth defects (eg, sensorineural hearing loss [SNHL], congenital heart disease, cataracts, congenital glaucoma) ( table 1) [ 1 ]. EPIDEMIOLOGY. Rubella virus is an important cause of vaccine-preventable birth defects and can cause epidemics.
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when an unborn baby is infected with the rubella virus (German measles) via maternal-fetal transmission and develops birth defects. The most common congenital defects affect the ophthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, and neurologic systems.
