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Dec 7, 2019 · Louis Pasteur was a French chemist who created the first vaccines for both rabies and anthrax. Pasteur also invented the process that helps make milk and other liquids (and occasionally foods) safer to consume. That method is, of course, called pasteurization — and that word that is stamped on nearly every container of milk you can buy today.
In 1885, a child suffering from rabies was brought to the attention of Louis Pasteur. In July 1885, nine-year-old Joseph Meister from Alsace was bitten 14 times by a rabid dog. His mother, Marie-Angélique, had heard of a scientist called Louis Pasteur who was vaccinating rabid dogs.
During the mid- to late 19th century, Pasteur demonstrated that microorganisms cause disease and discovered how to make vaccines from weakened, or attenuated, microbes. He developed the earliest vaccines against fowl cholera, anthrax, and rabies.
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On July 6, 1885, Louis Pasteur and his colleagues injected the first of 14 daily doses of rabbit spinal cord suspensions containing progressively inactivated rabies virus into 9-year-old Joseph Meister, who had been severely bitten by a rabid dog 2 days before. This was the beginning of the modern era of immunization, which had been presaged by Edward Jenner nearly 100 years earlier.
Pasteur's decision to treat the child followed 4 years of intensive research, culminating in the development of a vaccine capable of protecting experimentally challenged rabbits and dogs. His decision was difficult: "The child's death appeared inevitable. I decided not without acute and harrowing anxiety, as may be imagined, to apply to Joseph Meister the method which I had found consistently successful with dogs" (1). The immunization was successful; and the Pasteur rabies immunization procedure was rapidly adopted throughout the world. By 1890, there were rabies treatment centers in Budapest, Madras, Algiers, Bandung, Florence, Sao Paulo, Warsaw, Shanghai, Tunis, Chicago, New York, and many other places throughout the world.
The basic "Pasteur Treatment," based on brain tissue vaccine with the addition of formaldehyde, is still used in many countries of the world where rabies is prevalent. This treatment still involves immunizations given daily for 14-21 days, and it still carries the same risk of neurologic sequelae as in Pasteur's day. In the United States and other developed countries, more potent, safer, but very expensive, cell culture-based rabies vaccines are combined with hyperimmune globulin for postexposure treatment. The efficacy of such regimens has been well proven.
Another era in vaccine development is now beginning--an era based on the practical application of recombinant-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology and other novel genetic manipulations of rabies and other viruses and microorganisms. These new technologies promise even more potent and safer vaccines, as well as lower costs, improved stability, and easier delivery throughout the world to people at risk.
1.Cuny H. Louis Pasteur: the man and his theories. Greenwich, Connecticut: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1963:173.
2.Dubos RJ. Louis Pasteur: free lance of science. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Co., 1950:352-3.
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Nov 18, 2022 · He invented microbiology and established the foundations for immunology. Louis Pasteur (seated) poses with, among others, children treated with his rabies vaccine. By early 1886, more than...
Sep 28, 2020 · Louis Pasteur holding rabbits, which were used to help develop the vaccine for rabies. Credit: World History Archive / Alamy Stock Photo. Awareness of Edward Jenner’s pioneering studies of...
Aug 13, 2016 · In October 1831 an eight-year-old boy in a French town witnessed the aftereffects of an attack by a rabid wolf on his fellow townspeople, some of whom submitted themselves to the then-traditional treatment for rabies—cauterization with a burning-hot iron. Louis Pasteur, the young boy, heard the agonized screams.
