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Pope Innocent X (Latin: Innocentius X; Italian: Innocenzo X; 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 September 1644 to his death, in January 1655.
Portrait of Pope Innocent X is an oil on canvas portrait by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez, created during a trip to Italy around 1650. Many artists and art critics consider it the finest portrait ever created. It is housed in the Galleria Doria Pamphilj in Rome.
Innocent X was the pope from 1644 to 1655. Pamfili was a church judge under Pope Clement VIII and a papal representative at Naples for Pope Gregory XV. He was made ambassador to Spain and cardinal (1626) by Pope Urban VIII, whom he succeeded on Sept. 15, 1644.
The archetype Bacon appropriated as a starting point for his Pope series was Diego Velázquez’s extraordinary Portrait of Pope Innocent X from 1650, held in the Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome, a painting about which Bacon felt: Haunted and obsessed by the image…its perfection.
Innocent X (1574-1655) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church as a compromise candidate between fighting factions, although the significance of his papal reign (1644-1655) remains disputed.
Innocent X, POPE (GIAMBATTISTA PAMFILI), b. at Rome, May 6, 1574; d. there, January 7,. 1655. His parents were Camillo Pamfili and Flamnia de Bubalis. The Pamfili resided originally at Gubbio, in Umbria, but came to Rome during the pontificate of Innocent VIII.
Pope Innocent X (Latin: Innocentius Decimus; 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 237th Pope from 1644 to 1655.
