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Learn how to cite your sources in APA style and other formats using Purdue OWL resources. Find guides, examples, and tools for conducting and using research effectively.
- APA Style Introduction
APA Style Introduction - Purdue OWL
- Using Citation Generators Responsibly
The citation generator is a relatively recent addition to...
- Chicago Manual of Style
Introduction. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) covers a...
- Conducting Research
These OWL resources will help you conduct research using...
- MLA Style Introduction
These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the...
- Using Research
Once you have collected the research necessary to complete...
- APA Style Workshop
APA Overview and Workshop - Purdue OWL
- Search
Search the OWL Writing Consultations Schedule a writing...
- MLA Formatting and Style Guide
Resources on writing an MLA style works cited page,...
- References Page Formatting
This resource covers American Sociological Association (ASA)...
- APA Style Introduction
Learn how to format and cite your sources in APA style, with examples, rules, and tips. Find out the changes in the 7th edition and access additional resources on APA styling.
- Overview of This Guide
- Being Responsible While Researching
- Plagiarism? What Is It?
- All About Citations & References
- Why Is It Important to Include Citations & References
- Common Ways Students and Scholars Accidentally Plagiarize
- Information About Apa
- Citations & References
- Reference List Citation Components
- Annotated Bibliographies
- GeneratedCaptionsTabForHeroSec
This page provides you with an overview of APA format, 7th edition. Included is information about referencing, various citation formats with examples for each source type, and other helpful information. If you’re looking for MLA format, check out the Citation Machine MLA Guide. Also, visit the Citation Machine homepage to use the APA formatter, whi...
When you’re writing a research paper or creating a research project, you will probably use another individual’s work to help develop your own assignment. A good researcher or scholar uses another individual’s work in a responsible way. This involves indicating that the work of other individuals is included in your project (i.e., citing), which is o...
The word plagiarism is derived from the Latin word, plagiare, which means “to kidnap.” The term has evolved over the years to now mean the act of taking another individual’s work and using it as your own, without acknowledging the original author (American Psychological Association, 2020 p. 21). Plagiarism can be illegal and there can be serious ra...
Citations and references should be included anytime you use another individual’s work in your own assignment. When including a quote, paraphrased information, images, or any other piece of information from another’s work, you need to show where you found it by including a citation and a reference. This guide explains how to make them. APA style cit...
Including APA citations and references in your research projects is a very important component of the research process. When you include citations, you’re being a responsible researcher. You’re showing readers that you were able to find valuable, high-quality information from other sources, place them into your project where appropriate, all while ...
Believe it or not, there are instances when you could attempt to include in-text and full references in the appropriate places, but still accidentally plagiarize. Here are some common mistakes to be aware of: Mistake #1 - Misquoting sources:If you plan to use a direct quote, make sure you copy it exactly as is. Sure, you can use part of the full qu...
Who created it?
The American Psychological Associationis an organization created for individuals in the psychology field. With close to 121,000 members, they provide educational opportunities, funding, guidance, and research information for everything psychology-related. They also have numerous high-quality databases, peer-reviewed journals, and books that revolve around mental health. The American Psychological Association is also credited with creating their own specific citation and reference style. Today...
Why was this style created?
This format was first developed in 1929 to form a standardized way for researchers in science fields to document their sources. Prior to the inception of these standards and guidelines, individuals were recognizing the work of other authors by including bits and pieces of information in random order. There wasn’t a set way to format citations and references. You can probably imagine how difficult it was to understand the sources that were used for research projects! Having a standard format f...
The evolution of this style
The guide below is based on APA style 7th edition, which was released in 2020. In previous versions of APA format, researchers and scholars were required to include the publisher location for books and the date that an electronic resource was accessed. Both are no longer required to be included. Details on the differences between the 6th and 7th editions is addressed later in this guide.
The appearance of citations & references
The format for references varies, but most use this general format: Author’s Last name, First initial. (Date published). Title. URL Researchers and scholars must look up the proper format for the source that they’re attempting to cite. Books have a certain format, websites have a different format, periodicals have a different format, and so on. Scroll down to find the proper format for the source you’re citing or referencing. If you would like help citing your sources, CitationMachine.com has...
In-text citations
An APA in-text citation is included in research projects in three instances: When using a direct quote, paraphrasing information, or simply referring to a piece of information from another source. Quite often, researchers and scholars use a small amount of text, word for word, from another source and include it in their own research projects. This is done for many reasons. Sometimes, another author’s words are so eloquently written that there isn’t a better way to rephrase it yourself. Other...
APA citation with no author
When the source lacks an author’s name, place the title, year, and page number (if available) in the text. The title should be in italics if it sits alone (such as a movie, brochure, or report). If the source is part of a whole (as many web pages and articles are), place the title in quotation marks without italics (See Section 8.14 of the Publication manual). Structure of an APA format citation in the text narratively, with the author's name missing: Title of Source (Year) or “Title of Sourc...
References display the full information for all the citations found in the body of a research project. Some things to keep in mind when it comes to the references: 1. All references sit together on their own page, which is usually the last page(s) of a paper. 2. Title the page ‘References’ 3. Place ‘References’ in the center of the page and bold it...
An APA annotated bibliography is a full bibliography that includes a small note for each reference citation. Each note should be short (1-2 paragraphs) and contain a summary or your evaluation about each source. When creating your citations on CitationMachine.net, there is a field at the bottom of each form to add your own annotations. Follow the p...
Create APA citations and references for your research papers or projects with this free online tool. Learn how to use APA style, avoid plagiarism, and cite various source types with examples.
Generate citations in APA style quickly and automatically with MyBib, a software tool that formats academic sources according to the official APA guidelines. Search for websites, books, journals, and more, and download your bibliography to Microsoft Word or Google Docs.
- An APA citation generator is a software tool that will automatically format academic citations in the American Psychological Association (APA) styl...
- College-level and post-graduate students are most likely to use an APA citation generator, because APA style is the most favored style at these lea...
- Like almost every other citation style, APA style can be cryptic and hard to understand when formatting citations. Citations can take an unreasonab...
- Our APA generator was built with a focus on simplicity and speed. To generate a formatted reference list or bibliography just follow these steps: S...
Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). Cite a webpage. Cite a book.
- (Smith, 2020)
- (Smith et al., 2020)
- (Scribbr, 2020)
- (Smith & Jones, 2020)
Citation Machine® helps you create citations in various styles, including APA, MLA, and Chicago. You can also check your paper for plagiarism and grammar errors, and get expert help for your writing.
Aug 26, 2024 · This guide provides an overview of citation management software options, including basic functions and the differences between the various options available, including EndNote, EndNote Web, and Zotero. Also provided is contact information for Purdue librarians available to provide citation management support for Purdue faculty, students, and staff.