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Interest in Czech culture and history was also growing, thanks to the leading minds of the 19 th century such as Josef Dobrovský (a linguist) and František Palacký (a historian). The great Czech composer Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904) wrote operas, concertos and symphonies in the same period, too.
Czech Republic. history of the Czech Republic, a survey of important events and people in the history of the Czech Republic (Czechia) from 1993 to the present. For earlier history of the area, including Bohemia and Moravia as well as Czechoslovakia, see Czechoslovak history. Czech Republic. The Czech Republic came into being on January 1, 1993 ...
Czech Republic, country located in central Europe. It comprises the historical provinces of Bohemia and Moravia along with the southern tip of Silesia, collectively called the Czech Lands. In 2016 the country adopted the name ‘Czechia’ as a shortened, informal name for the Czech Republic. The capital is Prague.
- Canola fields in bloom in the countryside near Telč, Czech Republic.
- Jizera Mountains, Czech Republic.
- Vineyard and fields of crops in southern Moravia, Czech Republic.
- The Charles Bridge across the Vltava River, with Hradčany Castle in the background, Prague.
- The historic centre of Český Krumlov, South Bohemia region, Czech Republic; the area is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The Czech Republic, [c] [12] also known as Czechia, [d] [13] is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, [14] it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. [15]
- Overview
- History of the Czech Republic
For earlier history of the area, including Bohemia and Moravia as well as Czechoslovakia, see Czechoslovak region, history of.
The Czech Republic came into being on January 1, 1993, upon the dissolution of the Czechoslovak federation. At the time of the separation, the federation’s assets were divided at a ratio of two to one in favour of the Czechs; special agreements were made for a natural gas pipeline from Russia, the diplomatic service, and the armed forces. The citizens of the former federation also were divided on the basis of new nationality laws, and, immediately after partition, large numbers of Slovaks began applying for Czech citizenship.
Václav Havel, who had served as the first president of Czechoslovakia after the overthrow of the communists, was elected president of the republic in January 1993, and Václav Klaus became prime minister. Because there was as yet no Senate, the election was conducted only by the Chamber of Deputies, thus contravening the republic’s new constitution. Although the separation with Slovakia proceeded amicably—quickly dubbed the Velvet Divorce, in reference to the 1989 Velvet Revolution—customs posts were erected along the Czech-Slovak border, and signs of rising national tempers were briefly noted on both sides of the new frontier.
Under a centre-right coalition government—composed of the Civic Democratic Party, the Civic Democratic Alliance, and the Christian and Democratic Union–Czech People’s Party—the new Czech Republic pursued a fairly aggressive policy of political and economic reform, the cornerstone of which was a program of rapid privatization. On May 31–June 1, 1996, the Czech Republic held its first general election since the country had become a separate entity. The coalition government lost its parliamentary majority when the centre-left Czech Social Democratic Party nearly quadrupled the number of seats it had previously held in the Chamber of Deputies. Nevertheless, the coalition headed by Klaus and Havel remained in power, with a pledge of support from the Social Democrats. However, major economic problems, serious rifts within the ruling coalition, and public dissatisfaction with Klaus’s leadership and economic policy forced the prime minister’s resignation in November 1997. Klaus’s Civic Democratic Party then split into two factions. Jan Ruml, a former interior minister, founded a new conservative party, the Freedom Union, to which almost half of the Civic Democrat deputies defected.
Klaus, however, remained a political force and shortly after his resignation was reelected party chairman of the Civic Democratic Party. At the June 1998 elections his party won more than one-fourth of the votes; the Social Democrats won nearly one-third. President Havel, who had been reelected by a slim margin to a second term in January, called upon Social Democrat chairman Miloš Zeman (as the leader of the party with the largest number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies) to form a government, which was not initially successful. Eventually Zeman was installed as prime minister, and Klaus was elected to the chairmanship of the Chamber of Deputies.
The country’s domestic troubles during the mid- to late 1990s were to some extent mitigated by its acceptance into NATO. However, by the end of the 1990s, public dissatisfaction with the political leadership was growing. In early 1999, a group of prominent political writers issued “Impuls 99,” a declaration calling for decisive social, moral, and political change that would ensure the country’s rapid accession to the European Union (EU), to which it had formally applied for membership in 1996. In November 1999 activists who had been leaders during the 1989 revolution circulated a more radical manifesto, “Thank You! Now Leave!,” demanding the resignations of the leaders of all the major political parties for jeopardizing the Czech Republic’s acceptance into the EU. Tens of thousands of citizens took to the streets of Prague and other cities to demonstrate against the government. Another cause for concern was the spread of racial violence against the Roma (Gypsies).
For earlier history of the area, including Bohemia and Moravia as well as Czechoslovakia, see Czechoslovak region, history of.
The Czech Republic came into being on January 1, 1993, upon the dissolution of the Czechoslovak federation. At the time of the separation, the federation’s assets were divided at a ratio of two to one in favour of the Czechs; special agreements were made for a natural gas pipeline from Russia, the diplomatic service, and the armed forces. The citizens of the former federation also were divided on the basis of new nationality laws, and, immediately after partition, large numbers of Slovaks began applying for Czech citizenship.
Václav Havel, who had served as the first president of Czechoslovakia after the overthrow of the communists, was elected president of the republic in January 1993, and Václav Klaus became prime minister. Because there was as yet no Senate, the election was conducted only by the Chamber of Deputies, thus contravening the republic’s new constitution. Although the separation with Slovakia proceeded amicably—quickly dubbed the Velvet Divorce, in reference to the 1989 Velvet Revolution—customs posts were erected along the Czech-Slovak border, and signs of rising national tempers were briefly noted on both sides of the new frontier.
Under a centre-right coalition government—composed of the Civic Democratic Party, the Civic Democratic Alliance, and the Christian and Democratic Union–Czech People’s Party—the new Czech Republic pursued a fairly aggressive policy of political and economic reform, the cornerstone of which was a program of rapid privatization. On May 31–June 1, 1996, the Czech Republic held its first general election since the country had become a separate entity. The coalition government lost its parliamentary majority when the centre-left Czech Social Democratic Party nearly quadrupled the number of seats it had previously held in the Chamber of Deputies. Nevertheless, the coalition headed by Klaus and Havel remained in power, with a pledge of support from the Social Democrats. However, major economic problems, serious rifts within the ruling coalition, and public dissatisfaction with Klaus’s leadership and economic policy forced the prime minister’s resignation in November 1997. Klaus’s Civic Democratic Party then split into two factions. Jan Ruml, a former interior minister, founded a new conservative party, the Freedom Union, to which almost half of the Civic Democrat deputies defected.
Klaus, however, remained a political force and shortly after his resignation was reelected party chairman of the Civic Democratic Party. At the June 1998 elections his party won more than one-fourth of the votes; the Social Democrats won nearly one-third. President Havel, who had been reelected by a slim margin to a second term in January, called upon Social Democrat chairman Miloš Zeman (as the leader of the party with the largest number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies) to form a government, which was not initially successful. Eventually Zeman was installed as prime minister, and Klaus was elected to the chairmanship of the Chamber of Deputies.
The country’s domestic troubles during the mid- to late 1990s were to some extent mitigated by its acceptance into NATO. However, by the end of the 1990s, public dissatisfaction with the political leadership was growing. In early 1999, a group of prominent political writers issued “Impuls 99,” a declaration calling for decisive social, moral, and political change that would ensure the country’s rapid accession to the European Union (EU), to which it had formally applied for membership in 1996. In November 1999 activists who had been leaders during the 1989 revolution circulated a more radical manifesto, “Thank You! Now Leave!,” demanding the resignations of the leaders of all the major political parties for jeopardizing the Czech Republic’s acceptance into the EU. Tens of thousands of citizens took to the streets of Prague and other cities to demonstrate against the government. Another cause for concern was the spread of racial violence against the Roma (Gypsies).
In late November 1938, the truncated state, renamed Czecho-Slovakia (the so-called Second Republic ), was reconstituted in three autonomous units: the Czech lands (i.e. Bohemia and Moravia), Slovakia, and Ruthenia. [citation needed] On 14 March 1939, the Slovak State declared its independence under Jozef Tiso. [20]
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Dec 11, 2023 · Some key dates in Czech history: 9th Century - Duchy of Bohemia emerges.. 1198 - Kingdom of Bohemia firmly established by King Ottokar.. 1212 - Holy Roman Empire recognises hereditary kingship of ...
