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Oct 19, 2023 · Explore the map of the network of people who helped enslaved black Americans escape to freedom in the 30 years before the Civil War. Learn about the terminology, routes, and challenges of the Underground Railroad.
Jul 30, 2021 · Learn about the history and legacy of the Underground Railroad, a network of routes and safehouses that helped enslaved people escape to freedom. Explore the map and the stories of the people and places involved in this resistance movement.
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and from there to Canada.
- Quaker Abolitionists
- What Was The Underground Railroad?
- How The Underground Railroad Worked
- Fugitive Slave Acts
- Harriet Tubman
- Frederick Douglass
- Who Ran The Underground Railroad?
- John Brown
- End of The Line
- Sources
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The Quakers are considered the first organized group to actively help escaped enslaved people. George Washington complained in 1786 that Quakershad attempted to “liberate” one of his enslaved workers. In the early 1800s, Quaker abolitionist Isaac T. Hopper set up a network in Philadelphia that helped enslaved people on the run. At the same time, Qu...
The earliest mention of the Underground Railroad came in 1831 when enslaved man Tice Davids escaped from Kentucky into Ohioand his owner blamed an “underground railroad” for helping Davids to freedom. In 1839, a Washington newspaper reported an escaped enslaved man named Jim had revealed, under torture, his plan to go north following an “undergroun...
Most of the enslaved people helped by the Underground Railroad escaped border states such as Kentucky, Virginia and Maryland. In the deep South, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 made capturing escaped enslaved people a lucrative business, and there were fewer hiding places for them. Fugitive enslaved people were typically on their own until they got ...
The reason many escapees headed for Canada was the Fugitive Slave Acts. The first act, passed in 1793, allowed local governments to apprehend and extradite escaped enslaved people from within the borders of free states back to their point of origin, and to punish anyone helping the fugitives. Some Northern states tried to combat this with Personal ...
Harriet Tubmanwas the most famous conductor for the Underground Railroad. Born an enslaved woman named Araminta Ross, she took the name Harriet (Tubman was her married name) when, in 1849, she escaped a plantation in Maryland with two of her brothers. They returned a couple of weeks later, but Tubman left again on her own shortly after, making her ...
Formerly enslaved person and famed writer Frederick Douglasshid fugitives in his home in Rochester, New York, helping 400 escapees make their way to Canada. Former fugitive Reverend Jermain Loguen, who lived in neighboring Syracuse, helped 1,500 escapees go north. Robert Purvis, an escaped enslaved person turned Philadelphia merchant, formed the Vi...
Most Underground Railroad operators were ordinary people, farmers and business owners, as well as ministers. Some wealthy people were involved, such as Gerrit Smith, a millionaire who twice ran for president. In 1841, Smith purchased an entire family of enslaved people from Kentucky and set them free. One of the earliest known people to help fugiti...
Abolitionist John Brownwas a conductor on the Underground Railroad, during which time he established the League of Gileadites, devoted to helping fugitive enslaved people get to Canada. Brown would play many roles in the abolition movement, most famously leading a raid on Harper’s Ferryto create an armed force to make its way into the deep south an...
The Underground Railroad ceased operations about 1863, during the Civil War. In reality, its work moved aboveground as part of the Union effort against the Confederacy. Harriet Tubman once again played a significant partby leading intelligence operations and fulfilling a command role in Union Army operations to rescue the emancipated enslaved peopl...
Bound for Canaan: The Epic Story of the Underground Railroad. Fergus Bordewich. Harriet Tubman: The Road To Freedom. Catherine Clinton. Who Really Ran the Underground Railroad? Henry Louis Gates. The Little Known History of the Underground Railroad in New York. Smithsonian Magazine. The Perilous Lure of the Underground Railroad. The New Yorker.
Learn about the Underground Railroad, a network of people who helped escaped enslaved people from the South to freedom in the North and Canada. Find out how it worked, who ran it, and what challenges it faced.
Oct 19, 2023 · Learn about the network of routes, places, and people that helped enslaved people escape to the North during the era of slavery. Find out the history, myths, and facts of the Underground Railroad.
Ohio Historical Underground Railroad Trail. During the 19th century, a network of secret routes and safe houses were set up to assist enslaved African Americans escape through free states into Canada. This passage for freedom seekers became known as the Underground Railroad, which stretched across the U.S. and included states like Ohio.
Mar 21, 2024 · Learn about the history and significance of the Underground Railroad, a network of people who helped enslaved African Americans escape to freedom. Explore stories, sites, and resources on the official NPS website and the interactive map.
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