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Proto-Berber or Proto-Libyan is the reconstructed proto-language from which the modern Berber languages descend. Proto-Berber was an Afroasiatic language, and thus its descendant Berber languages are cousins to the Egyptian language, Cushitic languages, Semitic languages, Chadic languages, and the Omotic languages. [1]
- North Africa
- Berber languages
The Berber languages, also known as Berber or the Amazigh languages [2] (Berber name: Tamaziɣt, Tamazight; Neo-Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, Tuareg Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⵜ, ⵝⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⵝ, pronounced [tæmæˈzɪɣt], [θæmæˈzɪɣθ] ), are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
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Proto-Berber or Proto-Libyan is the reconstructed proto-language from which the modern Berber languages stem. Proto-Berber was an Afroasiatic language, and as such, its descendant Berber languages are cousins to the Egyptian language, Cushitic languages, Semitic languages, Chadic languages, and the Omotic languages.
For a period, the Berbers were in constant revolt, and in 396 there was a great uprising. Thousands of rebels streamed down from the mountains and invaded Punic territory, carrying the serfs of the countryside along with them. The Carthaginians were obliged to withdraw within their walls and were besieged.
- 9 million to ~13 million
- 14 million to 18 million
- 2 million
- 2.6 million
Berber languages. North Africa, mainly Algeria and Morocco; smaller Berber-speaking populations in Libya, Mali, Niger, Tunisia, Burkina Faso, Egypt and Mauritania. Sizable communities of speakers in: Belgium, France, Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Canada, and the United States. Guanche.
- Berber people (Imazighen)
- Proto-Berber
- Afro-AsiaticBerber (Amazigh)
In a block-like classification of Berber languages, seven such historically defined entities are established. In view of the continuous movement of convergence one may doubt that the reconstruction of a Proto-Berber entity is possible. Keywords: Berber, Afro-Asiatic, dialectology, reconstruction, convergence. Subject.
77In addition to the consonants analyzed above, Proto-Berber had four more sonorants: *m, *n, *l, *r. Except for some assimilations and dissimilations, *m and *n are preserved as such in all Berber languages. The fate of *l and *r is more complicated on the dialectal level, but their reconstruction is unproblematic.
